Term
| The ankle and foot has how many bones and large muscles |
|
Definition
26 bones
19 large muscles |
|
|
Term
| how many ligaments are in the foot and ankle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| poor foot mechanics lead to |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| walking and running stance phase |
|
Definition
heel strike occurs when landing on heel, foot should be in supination
midstance immediately follows with foot moving in pronation
toe off follow midstance, foot returns to supination prior to and during push off |
|
|
Term
| walking and running swing phase |
|
Definition
| occurs when foot leaves ground and leg moves forward to another point of contact |
|
|
Term
| problems arise in the foot when it is too |
|
Definition
rigid and does not pronate adequatley
foot remains in pronation past midstance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one foot is always in contact with the ground |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| point when neither foot is in contact with the ground |
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|
Term
| in the foot, the body weight is transferred from what to what |
|
Definition
| from tibia to talus and calcaneus |
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|
Term
| how many rear and midfoot tarsal bones are in the foot |
|
Definition
5 rear and midfoot bones
5 metatarsals
5 phalanges |
|
|
Term
| the distal malleoli of tibia and fibula serves as a... |
|
Definition
| pulley for posterior tendons to increase mechanical advantage of muscles in performing inversion and eversion actions |
|
|
Term
| what are the "Tom, Dick & Harry" muscles |
|
Definition
Tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus |
|
|
Term
| where are the Tom, Dick & Harry muscles |
|
Definition
| immediately posterior to medial malleolus |
|
|
Term
| why is the base of the 5th metatarsal enlarged |
|
Definition
| enlarged and prominent to serve as an insertion for peroneus brevis and tertius |
|
|
Term
| posterior surface of calcaneus serves an insertion for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of joint is the tibiofibular |
|
Definition
| syndesmotic amphiarthrodial joint |
|
|
Term
| what provides the support for the tibiofibular joint |
|
Definition
| ligaments and a strong, dense interosseus membrane between the tibia and fibula |
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|
Term
| which joint becomes sprained |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
high ankle sprain
involves anterior inferior tibiofibular ligament
most severe injuries can involve posterior tibiofibular ligament, interosseus ligament and interosseus membrane |
|
|
Term
| what type of joint is the ankle joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ankle joint includes which bone |
|
Definition
| talus, distal tibia, distal fibula |
|
|
Term
| degrees of plantar flexion and dorsiflexion of the ankle joint |
|
Definition
50 degrees plantar flexion
15-20 degrees dorsiflexion
there is a greater range of dorsiflexion with a flexed knee
fibular rotates 3-5 degrees externally with ankle dorsiflexion and 3-5 degrees internally during plantarflexion
|
|
|
Term
| how far does the syndesmosis joint widen during dorsiflexion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| subtalar and transverse tarsal joints do which type of movements |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of joint is the subtalar and transverse tarsal joints |
|
Definition
| gliding or arthrodial joint |
|
|
Term
| degree movements of subtalar and transverse tarsal joints |
|
Definition
20-30 degrees of inversion
5-15 degrees of eversion |
|
|
Term
| intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints are which classification |
|
Definition
arthrodial
minimal movement |
|
|
Term
| metatarsaophalangeal joints |
|
Definition
phalanges join metatarsals
classified as condyloid-type joints
big toe flexes 45 degrees and extends 70 degrees
4 lesser toes 40 degrees flexion and 40 degrees extension
abduct adn adduct minimally |
|
|
Term
| great toe interphalangeal joint degrees |
|
Definition
| flexes from 0 degrees of full extension to 90 degrees of flexion |
|
|
Term
| proximal interphalangeal joint degrees |
|
Definition
| flexes from 0 degrees of extension to 35 degrees of flexion |
|
|
Term
| distal interphalangeal joint degrees |
|
Definition
| flexes 60 degrees and extends 30 degrees |
|
|
Term
| is there variation from joint to joint and person to person |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involves stretchin or tearing of one or more ligaments |
|
|
Term
| the most common ankle sprain results from |
|
Definition
| excessive inversion that causes damage to lateral ligamentous structures, primarily anterior talofibular ligament and calcaneofibular ligament |
|
|
Term
| ankle sprains with excessive eversion are very common or less common |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many longitudinal arches are in the foot |
|
Definition
2 longitudinal arches
medial longitudinal arch
lateral longitudinal arch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extends from calcaneus bone to talus, navicular, 3 cuniforms, and proximal ends of 3 medial metatarsals |
|
|
Term
| lateral longitudinal arch |
|
Definition
| extends from calcaneus to cuboid and proximal ends of 4th and 5th metatarsals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| extends across foot from 1st metatarsal to the 5th metatarsal |
|
|
Term
| plantar fascia (plantar aponeurosis) |
|
Definition
broad structure extending from medial calcaneal tuberosity to proximal phalanges of the toes
assists in stabilizing the medial longitudinal arch and in propelling the body forward during the latter part of the stance phase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| common painful condition involving plantar fascia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of the top of the ankle and foot toward the anterior tibia |
|
|
Term
| plantar flexion (extension) |
|
Definition
| movement of the ankle and foot away from the tibia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
turning the ankle and foot outward
abduction, away from the midline
weight is on the medial edge of the foot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
turning ankle and foot inward
adduction, toward midline
weight is on the lateral edge of the foot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of the toes toward plantar surface of the foot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| movement of toes away from the plantar surface of the foot |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| combination of ankle dorsiflexion, subtalar eversion, and forefoot abduction (toe out) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| combination of ankle plantar flexion, subtalar inversion, and forefoot adduction (toe in) |
|
|
Term
| anterior ankle and foot are which group |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| posterior ankle and foot are which group |
|
Definition
plantar flexors
triceps surae - gastrocnemius and soleus |
|
|
Term
| lateral ankle and foot are which groups |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| medial ankle and foot are which group |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 compartments of the leg |
|
Definition
anterior compartment
lateral compartment
superficial posterior compartment
deep posterior compartment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tightly surrounds and binds each
facilitates venous return and prevents excessive swelling of muscles during exercise |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dorsiflexor group
tibialis anterior, peroneus tertius, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| peroneus longus, peroneus brevis (two most powerful evertors) |
|
|
Term
| superficial posterior compartment |
|
Definition
plantar flexors
gastrocnemius, soleus and plantaris |
|
|
Term
| deep posterior compartment |
|
Definition
plantar flexors and invertors except popliteus
flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, popliteus, tibialis posterior |
|
|
Term
| what is compartment syndrome |
|
Definition
most common in the anterior compartment
may be acute or chronic
may occur secondarily to injury, trauma or overuse
symptoms include sharp pain, particularly with increased movement actively or passively, swelling and weakness in the muscles of the involved compartment
emergency surgery may be indicated to release the fascia
may be adequately addressed with proper acute management |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
painful leg condition often associated with running activities
not a specific diagnosis
attributed to a number of different specific musculotendinous injuries
most often involves tibialis posterior, medial soleus, anterior tibialis, but may also involve extensor digitorum longus
partially prevented by stretching plantar flexors and strengthening dorsiflexors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
acute muscle spasm in gastrocnemius and soleus
somewhat common
may be relieved through active and passive dorsiflexion |
|
|
Term
| complete rupture of achilles tendon is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| several ankle and foot muscles produce |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gastrocnemius
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus
peroneus (fibularis) longus
peroneus (fibularis) brevis
plantaris
soleus
tibialis posterior |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
peroneus (fibularis) longus
peroneus (fibularis) brevis
peroneus (fibularis) tertius
extensor digitorum longus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tibialis anterior
peroneus (fibularis) tertius
extensor digitorum longus (extensor of lesser toes)
extensor hallucis longus (extensor of great toe) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tibialis anterior
tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus (flexor of lesser toes)
flexor hallucis longus (flexor of great toe) |
|
|
Term
| medial and lateral plantar nerves |
|
Definition
intrinsic foot muscles
medial plantar nerve
abductor hallucis, flexor hallucis brevis, first lumbricale and flexor digitorum brevis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| gastrocnemius (medial head), soleus, tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| adductor hallicus, quadratus plantea, lumbricales (2, 4), dorsal interossei, plantar interossei, abductor digiti minimi and flexor digiti minimi |
|
|
Term
| common peroneal (fibular) division |
|
Definition
superficial peroneal nerve- peroneus longus and peroneus brevis
deep peroneal nerve- tibialis anterior, extensor digitorum longus, extensor hallucis longus, peroneus tertius and extensor digitorum brevis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
plantar flexion of ankle
flexio of knee
origin: posterior surfaces of 2 condyles of femur
insertion: posterior surface of calcaneus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
plantar flexion of the ankle
origin: proximal 2/3 of posterior surfaces of tibia and fibula
insertion: posterior surface of calcaneus |
|
|
Term
| peroneus longus (fibularis) |
|
Definition
eversion of the foot
plantar flexion of the ankle
origin: head and upper 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
insertion: undersurfaces of medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bones |
|
|
Term
| peroneus brevis (fibularis) |
|
Definition
eversion of the foot
plantar flexion of the ankle
origin: lower 2/3 of lateral surface of the fibula
insertion: tuberosity of 5th metatarsal bone |
|
|
Term
| peroneus tertius (fibularis) |
|
Definition
eversion of the foot
dorsiflexion of ankle
origin: distal third of anterior fibula
insertion: base of 5th metatarsal |
|
|
Term
| extensor digitorum longus |
|
Definition
extension of 4 lesser toes at metatarsophalangeal, proximal and distal interphalangeal joints
dorsiflexion of ankle
eversion of foot
origin: lateral condyle of tibia, head of fibula, upper 2/3 of anterior surface of fibula
insertion: tops of middle and distal phalanges of four lesser toes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dorsiflexion of the ankle
extension of great toe at metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints
weak inversion of the foot
origin: middle 2/3 of medial surfaces of anterior fibula
insertion: top of base of distal phalanx of great toe |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dorsiflexion of the ankle
inversion of the foot
origin: upper 2/3 of lateral surface of tibia
insertion: inner surface of medial cuneiform base of the 1st metatarsal bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
plantar flexion of ankle
inversion of foot
origin: posterior surface of upper half of interosseous membrance, adjacent surfaces of tibia fibula
insertion: lower inner surfaces of navicular and cuneiform bones, bases of second, third, fourth, and fifth metatarsal bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
flexion of 4 lesser toes at metatarsophalangeal, proximal and distal interphalangeal joints
inversion of the foot
plantar flexion of the ankle
origin: middle 1/3 of posterior surface of tibia
insertion: base of distal phalanx of each of the 4 lesser toes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
flexion of great toe at metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints
inversion of the foot
plantar flexion of the ankle
origin: middle 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula
insertion: base of distal phalanx of large toe, undersurface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
peroneus (fibularis) tertius
extensor hallucis longus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
gastrocnemius
soleus
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus
peroneus (fibularis) longus
peroneus (fibularis) brevis
plantaris
tibialis posterior
|
|
|
Term
| transverse tarsal and subtalar inversion |
|
Definition
tibialis anterior
tibialis posterior
flexor digitorum longus
flexor hallucis longus |
|
|
Term
| transverse tarsal and subtalar eversion |
|
Definition
peroneus (fibularis) longus
peroneus (fibularis) brevis
peroneus (fibularis) tertius
extensor digitorum longus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
flexor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
extensor hallucis longus
extensor digitorum longus |
|
|
