Term
| Skeletal muscles are responsible for: |
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Definition
Movement
Contraction which produced forces
Protection
Posture and Support
Produce a major portion of total body head |
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Term
| Skeletal muscles responsible for posture and support means |
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Definition
support of joints
contant toning |
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Term
| Skeletal muscles resposible for producing major portin of total body heat means |
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Definition
| body temperature is maintained and insulated throughout the body |
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Term
| Over ___ skeletal muscls comprise approximately __to__% of body weight. |
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Definition
600 skeletal muscles
40 to 50% of body weight |
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Term
| 215 pairs of skeletal muscles usually work in cooperation with each other to perform |
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Definition
| opposite actions (antagonists) at the joints which they cross |
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Term
| Aggregate muscle action/synergists are |
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Definition
| muscles work in groups rather than independently to achieve a given joint motion |
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Term
| Muscles are usually named due to |
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Definition
visual appearance
anatomical location
function |
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Term
| examples of muscles names |
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Definition
Shape – deltoid, rhomboid
Size – gluteus maximus, teres minor
Number of divisions – triceps brachii
Fiber Direction– external oblique
Location - rectus femoris, palmaris longus
Attachment - coracobrachialis, extensor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus
Action - erector spinae, supinator, extensor digiti minimi
Action & shape – pronator quadratus
Action & size – adductor magnus
Shape & location – serratus anterior
Location & attachment – brachioradialis
Location & # divisions – biceps femoris |
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Term
| Muscles have different ___ & ____ arrangements |
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Definition
diferent shapes and fiber arrangements
because of their architecture the shape affect what they do |
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Term
| Shape & fiber arrangement affect |
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Definition
muscle’s ability to exert force
range through which it can effectively exert force onto the bones
these can work at small ranges or large ranges |
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Term
| Cross section diameter are |
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Definition
factor in muscle’s ability to exert force
greater cross section diameter = greater force exertion
run perpendicular to muscle fibers |
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Term
| the greater the cross section diameter.....and what kind of arrangement |
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Definition
| The greater the force -->pennate/oblique |
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Term
| muscles that have the ability to shorten are |
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Definition
longer muscles can shorten through a greater range
more effective in moving joints through large ROM |
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Term
| longer muscles can shorten through a greater range because |
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Definition
because of sarcomeres
long muscles have sarcomeres in series |
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Term
| More arcomeres within a muscle does what to size |
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Definition
| can shorten more which means more flexiblility |
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Term
| What kind of fiber arrangement allows more flexibility/greater ROM |
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Definition
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Term
| 2 mare types of fiber arrangments |
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Definition
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Term
| Parallel fiber arrangments are |
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Definition
fibers arranged parallel to length of muscle
produce a greater ROM than similar sized muscles with pennate arrangement |
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Term
| Pennate / Oblique fiber arrangements are |
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Definition
have shorter fibers
arranged obliquely to their tendons in a manner similar to a feather
arrangement increases the cross sectional area of the muscle, thereby increasing the power |
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Term
| What are the different types of parallel fiber arrangement |
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Definition
Flat
fusiform
strap
radiate
sphincter or circular |
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Term
| Flat parrallel fiber arrangmeents are described as |
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Definition
usually thin & broad, originating from broad, fibrous, sheet-like aponeuroses
allows them to spread their forces over a broad area |
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Term
| Fusiform Parallel Fiber Arrangement are described as |
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Definition
spindle-shaped with a central belly that tapers to tendons on each end
allows them to focus their power onto small, bony targets |
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Term
| Strap Parallel Fiber arrangement are described as |
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Definition
more uniform in diameter with essentially all fibers arranged in a long parallel manner
Enables focus of power onto small, bony targets |
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Term
| Radiate parallel fiber arrangements are described as |
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Definition
also described sometimes as being triangular, fan-shaped or convergent
have combined arrangement of flat & fusiform
originate on broad aponeuroses & converge onto a tendon |
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Term
| Sphincter or circular parallel fiber arrangments are described as |
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Definition
technically endless strap muscles
surround openings & function to close them upon contraction |
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Term
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Definition
| Ex. rectus abdominus & external oblique |
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Term
| Examples of fusiform muscles |
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Definition
| Ex. brachialis, biceps brachii |
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Term
| Examples of strap muscles |
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Definition
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Term
| Examples of radiate muscles |
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Definition
| Ex. pectoralis major, trapezius |
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Term
| Examples of sphincter or circular muscles |
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Definition
| Ex. orbicularis oris surrounding the mouth |
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Term
| Types of pennate fiber arrangements are |
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Definition
Unipennate
Bipennate
Multipennate |
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Term
| Unipennate muscles are described as |
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Definition
| fibers run obliquely from a tendon on one side only |
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Term
| Examples of unipennate muscles are |
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Definition
| Ex. biceps femoris, extensor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior |
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Term
| Bipennate muscles are described as |
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Definition
| fibers run obliquely on both sides from a central tendon |
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Term
| Examples of bipennate muscles are |
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Definition
| Ex. rectus femoris, flexor hallucis longus |
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Term
| Examples Multipennate muscles are |
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Definition
| Ex. rectus femoris, flexor hallucis longus, deltoid |
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Term
| Binnate and unipennate produce ____ than any of hte parallel shapes |
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Definition
| Produced strongest contraction |
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Term
| 4 properties related to its ability to produce force & movement about joints are |
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Definition
Irritability or excitability
Contractility
Extensibility
Elasticity |
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Term
| Irritability or excitability is |
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Definition
| property of muscle being sensitive or responsive to chemical, electrical, or mechanical stimuli |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of muscle to contract & develop tension or internal force against resistance when stimulated |
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Term
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Definition
| ability of muscle to be passively stretched beyond it normal resting length |
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Term
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Definition
| - ability of muscle to return to its original length following stretching |
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Term
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Definition
| Fibrous connective tissue, often cordlike in appearance, that connects muscles to bones and other structures |
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Term
| A muscle may cause more than______either at the same joint or a different joint depending upon the muscle line of pull |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
range of muscle fiber length between maximal & minimal lengthening
Contraction to elongation
shortest amount extended - greatest amount extended = amplitude |
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Term
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Definition
(belly or body)
central, fleshy portion of the muscle that generally increases in diameter as the muscle contracts
the contractile portion of muscle
contains sarcomeres |
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Term
| There is an open chair the distal end is |
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Definition
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Term
| If it is a closed chain the distal end is |
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Definition
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Term
| if the distal end is free of space how will muscles contract |
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Definition
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Term
| If distal end is fixed/not free how will it contract |
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Definition
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