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KIN 300 Test #3 Chapters 9-13
Test 3 Study Guide
183
Other
Undergraduate 3
12/02/2017
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Term
A “dead lift” exercise is divided into two phases.
 Definition
True
Term
A sideward deviation of the spine is known as scoliosis.
 Definition
True
Term
A substantial number of low back problems are caused by improper use of the back over time.
 Definition
True
Term
All of the erector spinae muscles run horizontally parallel to the spinal column.
 Definition
False, vertical
Term
All of the following are key bony landmarks of the knee joint except?
 Definition
Gerdy's Condyle (Landmarks include Landmarks include superior and inferior patellar poles, tibial tuberosity, gerdy's tubercle, medial and lateral femoral condyles, upper anterior medial tibial surface and head of fibula.)
Term
All of the following are open chain exercises except for _____.
 Definition
Chin up, (squat)?
Term
All three of the vasti muscles of quadriceps originate on proximal femur and insert on patellar superior pole.
 Definition
True
Term
Which of the following is not considered very important in skillful performance of physical activity and body maintenance from a kinesiological perspective?
 Definition
Power.

(Strength, endurance and flexibility of the lower extremity, trunk and ab muscles ARE important.)
Term
Which of the following is not correct regarding menisci in the knee joint?
 Definition
Decreases stability.

(Either or both may be torn in serveral areas from various mechanisms, resulting in various problems. Tears often occur due to significant compression and shear forces during rotation while flexing or extending during quick directional changes in running. Forms cushions between bones, attached to tibia, deepens tibial fossa and enhances stability.)
Term
Which of the following is not correct regarding the knee joint proper?
 Definition
Sometimes referred to as trochoginglymus joint due to internal and external rotation occurring when in full extension.

(Correct responses include: it's name is the tibiofemoral joint, classified as a ginglymus joint, sometimes referred to as trochoginglymus joint where internal and external rotation occur during flexation. Some argue for condyloid classification. Not true: Sometimes referred to as a trochoginglymus joint due to internal and external rotaion occuring when in full extension.) *
Term
Which of the following is not true regarding strength and endurance being essential for maintenance of patellofemoral stability?
 Definition
Strength and flexibilty are not often a problem with the muscles of the knee joint.

(True Statements: Often a problem, quads are particularly prone to atrophy when injuries occur, may be developed by resisted knee extension activities from a seated position, functional weight bearing activities such as step-ups or squats are particularly useful for strengthening and endurance. Not true: strength and flexibility are not often a problem with the muscles of the knee joint.)
Term
Which of the following is not true regarding the bursae of the knee?
 Definition
Bursae are composed mainly of fatty tissue.

( True statements: More than 10 in and around knee. Some are connected to synovial cavity. Absorbs shock or prevents friction. False: Composed mainly of fatty tissue.)
Term
An individual will develop adequate muscular strength, endurance, and flexibility through participation in sport activities.
 Definition
False
Term
Articular cartilage is located on the surfaces of both the femur and tibia
 Definition
True
Term
As the knee approaches full extension the tibia must externally rotate approximately 10 degrees to achieve proper alignment of the tibial and femoral condyles.
 Definition
True
Term
During the arm pull/leg push phase of rowing exercise the shoulder joint performs extension.
 Definition
True
Term
During the lifting phase of a “dead lift” exercise the agonist muscles of the wrist and hand include all of the following except?
 Definition
Quadratus Lumborum.

(Includes wrist and hand flexors (isometric contraction), flexor carpi radialis and ulnaris, parmaris longus, flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis, flexor pollicis longus.)
Term
During the lifting phase of a “dead lift” exercise the agonist muscles of the hip include all of the following except?
 Definition
Vastus Medialus

(Includes hip extensors, gluteus maximus, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, biceps femoris.)
Term
During the lowering phase of a “dead lift” exercise the agonist muscles of the knee include all of the following except?
 Definition
Semimembranosus

(Includes knee extensors (quadriceps, eccentric contraction), rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis.)
Term
During the return phase of rowing exercise the hip joint performs flexion.
 Definition
True
Term
During the return phase of rowing exercise the wrist and hand joints perform extension.
 Definition
False
Term
Which of the following statements is not correct regarding the abdominal muscles?
 Definition
Both choices are correct.

(Some sections are linked by fascia and tendinosus bands, these muscles do not attach completely from bone to bone.)
Term
Which of the following statements is not true regarding the “bent knee sit-up” exercise?
 Definition
The strength of the erector spinae muscles are benefited significantly through this exercise.
Term
Which of the following statements is true regarding the action of the quadriceps muscle group during squatting?
 Definition
When the descent is at the same speed as gravity no muscular control is exerted.
Term
During the squat the hip flexors are strengthened by ______.
 Definition
None of the above.

(Choices include: Concentric, or eccentric actions during the lowering phase and eccentric actions during the lifting phase.)
Term
Each thoracic vertebrae has one pair of ribs that attaches to it laterally.
 Definition
True
Term
Eccentric actions occur when muscles lengthen under tension to control the joints moving with gravity or a resistance.
 Definition
True
Term
Extreme _____ of the spine would be prevented in part by the spinous processes.
 Definition
Extension
Term
From medial to lateral the erector spinae muscles are the ________.
 Definition
Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis.
Term
Functions of the abdominal muscles include assisting in spinal stabilization and respiration.
 Definition
True
Term
In basketball and soccer injury to the ______ occurs much more commonly to females than to males.
 Definition
ACL
Term
Many types of back pain and other physical ailments can be avoided through proper maintenance of the musculoskeletal system.
 Definition
True
Term
Most of the movement that occurs in the spinal column occurs in the cervical and thoracic regions of the spine.
 Definition
False, cervical and lumbar
Term
Most of the rotation within the cervical region occurs in the joint between ______.
 Definition
Atlas and Axis (Atlantoaxial joint)
Term
Muscles may shorten or lengthen in the absence of a contraction through passive movement caused by other contracting muscles.
 Definition
True
Term
Muscles that flex the knee include all of the following except?
 Definition
Tensor Fascia Lata
Term
Muscular strength, muscular endurance, and flexibility are general body characteristics that are not specific to each body area and muscle group.
 Definition
False
Term
Nearly all movement of the spinal column takes place within the two supportive structures known as the _____ and ________.
 Definition
Cervical and Lumbar
Term
Of the four abdominal muscles, which is a prime mover in lateral pelvic rotation from a hanging overhead by the hands position?
 Definition
Transverse Abdominis
Term
Reduction of the spine is defined as a return movement from lateral flexion to a neutral position.
 Definition
True
Term
Sit-ups are an excellent exercise for strengthening the erector spinae muscles.
 Definition
False
Term
Six pairs of ribs attach directly to the sternum via a separate costal cartilage.
 Definition
True
Term
Spinal flexion is defined as anterior movement of the spine where the head moves toward chest and the thorax moves toward pelvis.
 Definition
True
Term
Tears in menisci can occur due both compression and shear forces during rotation while flexing or extending during quick directional changes in running.
 Definition
True
Term
The _____ vertebrae serve as a link between the pelvic girdle and the thoracic spine-rib cage.
 Definition
Lumbar
Term
The _____ vertebrae serve as a link between the thoracic spine-rib cage and the head.
 Definition
Cervical
Term
The ________ process can be palpated on the posterior surface of the spine when it is flexed:
 Definition
Spinous
Term
The “alternating prone extension” exercise can be broken down to two separate phases.
 Definition
True
Term
The “SAID Principle” indicates that strength gains beyond the range of motion utilized in the training are usually minimal.
 Definition
True
Term
The “SAID Principle” is applicable in every form of muscle training as well as to the systems of body.
 Definition
True
Term
The abdominal curl-up does not strengthen the internal and external oblique abdominals unless trunk rotation is included.
 Definition
False
Term
The abdominal curl-up strengthens the abdominal muscles through ____.
 Definition
Eccentric contractions during return of starting phase.
Term
The abdominal curl-up strengthens the hip flexors.
 Definition
True
Term
The alternating prone extension strengthens the trunk extensors through ____.
 Definition
Concentric contractions during the lifting phase.
Term
The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments are located on the outermost anterior and posterior surfaces of the knee joint.
 Definition
False
Term
The biceps femoris inserts primarily on the head of the fibula.
 Definition
True
Term
The dead lift is a closed kinetic chain exercise.
 Definition
False
Term
The dead lift strengthens the knee extensors through ____.
 Definition
Flexion and extension. Eccentric during lowering.
Term
The diaphragm depresses and draws the central tendon forward during exhalation.
 Definition
False, during inhalation.
Term
The erector spinae iliocostalis are considered to be agonist muscles during extension of the spine.
 Definition
True
Term
The external oblique abdominal inserts on the _____.
 Definition
Ilium. Anterior half of crest of ilium, crest of pubis, fascia of rectus abdominis *
Term
The femoral condyles articulate with the fibular condyles during flexion of the knee.
 Definition
False, tibial
Term
The femoral nerve innervates all of the following muscles except?
 Definition
Biceps femoris. (Innervates all rectus, vastus muscles)
Term
The fibula is not part of the ginglymus articulation of the knee joint.
 Definition
True
Term
The gastrocnemius and soleus are strengthened in the lowering phase of the squat due to their eccentric contractions.
 Definition
True
Term
The hamstring muscles function as a decelerator of the knee when decreasing speed to change direction and especially when landing from a jump.
 Definition
False
Term
The horizontal indentations that transect the rectus abdominis, giving it a segmented appearance is the linea alba.
 Definition
False
Term
The iliotibial tract of the tensor fasciae latae inserts on Gerdy’s condyle.
 Definition
True
Term
Compared to an untrained person, a well-trained person will see relatively minor improvements in the amount of weight that can be lifted over the same period of time.
 Definition
True
Term
Concentric muscle actions are the shortening contraction of muscles against gravity or a resistance.
 Definition
True
Term
During the arm pull/leg push phase of rowing exercise the knee joint performs flexion.
 Definition
False
Term
The internal oblique abdominal inserts on the _____.
 Definition
Coastal cartilage, eighth, ninth and tenth ribs and linea alba
Term
The knee joint can extend to 180 degrees normally although some individuals can extend slightly further.
 Definition
True
Term
The knee joint is the largest joint in the body.
 Definition
True
Term
The lateral collateral ligament is more frequently injured than other knee joint ligaments.
 Definition
False, MCL
Term
The lateral collateral ligament originates on the lateral femoral condyle distally to popliteus origin and inserts on the fibular head.
 Definition
False
Term
The lateral fibula serves as the attachment for knee joint structures but does not articulate with the femur or patella.
 Definition
True
Term
The linea alba runs vertically from the xiphoid process through the umbilicus to the pubis and divides the rectus abdominis
 Definition
True
Term
The location of the erector spinae muscles enables them to extend spine and assist in rotation and lateral flexion.
 Definition
True
Term
The medial collateral ligament originates on the medial aspect of upper medial femoral condyle and inserts on medial tibial surface.
 Definition
True
Term
The most common serious knee ligament injury involves the _____.
 Definition
ACL
Term
The movement that occurs between the superior and inferior articular processes of the vertebral facet joints is characterized as ____.
 Definition
Gliding
Term
The normal curves of the cervical and lumbar spines are lordotic.
 Definition
True
Term
The only uniarticular knee flexor is the _____.
 Definition
Popliteus or vastus medialus
Term
The patella is classified as an “irregular” bone because it is imbedded in the patellar tendon.
 Definition
False
Term
The patella serves as a pulley by improving the angle of pull with the result being a greater mechanical advantage for the quadriceps during knee extension.
 Definition
True
Term
The pelvic girdle rotates as a unit due to movement occurring in hip and lumbar spine.
 Definition
True
Term
The pes anserinus tendinous expansion is comprised from the ______.
 Definition
Gracilis, Sartorius, Semitendinous
Term
The popliteus originates on the medial aspect of lateral femoral condyle.
 Definition
False
Term
The posterior portion of the trunk contains the abdominal muscles.
 Definition
False
Term
The primary movers in cervical spine extension (against resistance) are the:
 Definition
Erector Spinae or Trapezius
Term
The Q angle is usually ____ or less for males and ___ or less for females.
 Definition
15, 20
Term
The quadriceps muscle group functions as a decelerator to knee joint flexion in weight-bearing movements by contracting concentrically to prevent too rapid of a downward movement.
 Definition
False, eccentric
Term
The quadriceps muscles perform eccentric contractions during accelerating actions.
 Definition
False
Term
The rectus abdominis muscle can control the tilt of the pelvis when contracting.
 Definition
True
Term
The rectus femoris is more powerful in extending the knee when the hip is in _____.
 Definition
Extension
Term
The rowing exercise is a closed kinetic chain exercise.
 Definition
True
Term
The sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus all insert just below the medial condyle on upper anteromedial tibial surface.
 Definition
True
Term
The semimembranosus inserts anteromedially on the medial tibial condyle.
 Definition
True
Term
The semimembranosus is located posteromedially and internally rotates the knee.
 Definition
True
Term
The specific needs of each individual must be specifically addressed when designing an exercise program.
 Definition
True
Term
The spinous processes are located anterior with respect to the vertebral bodies.
 Definition
False
Term
The squat and dead lift are similar in that they both strengthen the ____.
 Definition
Hip Extensors
Term
The tibia bears the majority of the weight as compared to the fibula.
 Definition
True
Term
The tibial division of the sciatic nerve innervates all of the following muscles except?
 Definition
Biceps Femoris Short Head

(
Term
The trunk is composed of the _______.
 Definition
Thoracic Spine, Rib Cage, Pelvic Girdle
Term
The vastus lateralis provides a _____ pull on the patella when contracting concentrically.
 Definition
Superiolateral
Term
The vastus medialis provides a _____ pull on the patella when contracting concentrically.
 Definition
Superiomedial
Term
The vertebral column has 32 pairs of spinal nerves.
 Definition
False, 31
Term
The vertebral column is composed of 24 articulating vertebrae.
 Definition
True
Term
Vertebrae increase in size from the cervical to the lumbar region because the lower back supports more weigh.
 Definition
True
Term
When performing a “squat” exercise the hip is extended during the lowering phase.
 Definition
False
Term
When performing the up portion of the sit-up with rotation to the left, which of the following muscles are utilized the most?
 Definition
Left internal and right external oblique abdominal.
Term
When using free weights for strength training it is important to ensure that one group of muscles is not overdeveloped and another is underdeveloped.
 Definition
True
Term
Which if the following muscles contract concentrically to cause cervical flexion, left cervical rotation, and right cervical lateral flexion?
 Definition
Sternocleidomastoid (Right)
Term
Which if the following muscles contract concentrically to cause extension of the head, right cervical rotation, and right cervical lateral flexion?
 Definition
Right Splenius Capitus
Term
Which of the following actions is performed during the arm pull/leg push phase of rowing exercise?
 Definition
Extension, (Flexion, adduction, downward rotation, depression.)
Term
Which of the following actions is performed during the return phase of rowing exercise?
 Definition
Flexion (Extension, abduction, upward rotation, elevation).
Term
Which of the following is correct regarding the patellofemoral joint?
 Definition
Classified as an arthrodial type joint.
Term
Which of the following is not a phase of “sit-up” exercise?
 Definition
Starting Phase
Term
Which of the following is not an agonist muscle of hip extension when performing “alternating prone extension” exercise?
 Definition
Vastus Medialus
Term
Which of the following is not an agonist muscle of shoulder flexion when performing “alternating prone extension” exercise?
 Definition
Triceps Brachii
Term
Which of the following is not an agonist muscle of trunk extension when performing “alternating prone extension” exercise?
 Definition
Gluteus Maximus
Term
Which of the following is not considered to be a large abdominal muscle?
 Definition
Lateral Abdominus
Term
Which of the following is not considered to be one of the quadriceps muscle group?
 Definition
Vastus Medialus
Term
Which of the following is not true regarding the hamstring muscle group?
 Definition
Provides Static Stability to the knee joint.
Term
Which of the following is not true regarding the quadriceps muscle group?
 Definition
Covered by the vastus fascia
Term
Which of the following is not true regarding the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis?
 Definition
All are superficial and palpable except for vastus medialis.
Term
Which of the following is not true with respect to the synovial cavity?
 Definition
Provides the knee with stability.
Term
Which of the following is true regarding the medial collateral ligament?
 Definition
Maintains medial stability by resisting valgus forces or preventing knee from being abducted.
Term
Which of the following muscles actions is performed during the lowering phase of “hip sled” exercise?
 Definition
Dorsiflexion
Term
Which of the following muscles actions is performed during the pushing phase of “hip sled” exercise?
 Definition
Extension
Term
Which of the following muscles does not perform hip extension during the lifting phase of a “squat” exercise?
 Definition
Rectus Femoris
Term
Which of the following muscles externally rotates the knee?
 Definition
Biceps Femoris
Term
Which of the following muscles internally rotates the knee?
 Definition
Semitendonosus, Semimembranosus, Popliteus
Term
Which of the following muscles is not activated during an isometric abdominal exercise?
 Definition
Serratus Anterior
Term
Which of the following muscles is not activated during the hip flexion portion of an isometric “leg lifter” exercise?
 Definition
Gluteus Maximus
Term
In performing lateral flexion against gravity such as in a lateral sit-up, which of the following muscles would be least effective?
 Definition
Rectus Abdominis
Term
In the alternating prone extension exercise the hip extensors contract ________.
 Definition
Concentrically during lifting phase.
Term
Increased posterior concavity of the cervical spine is known as _____.
 Definition
Lordosis
Term
Increased pressure on the spinal nerves may result from a herniated lumbar disc and result in radiating pain, tingling, numbness, and weakness in the lower extremity.
 Definition
True
Term
It is not necessary to analyze each individual's exercise and skill technique in order to specifically design an exercise program to meet his/her needs.
 Definition
False
Term
Kyphosis is increased posterior concavity of thoracic curve of the vertebral column.
 Definition
False, anterior
Term
Which of the following muscles is not strengthened to any substantial degree by sit-ups?
 Definition
Erector Spinae or Quadratus Lumborum.
Term
Which of the following muscles is not strengthened to any substantial degree by abdominal curl-ups without rotation to the right and left?
 Definition
Erector Spinae
Term
Which of the following muscles would be most effective in performing anterior pelvic rotation?
 Definition
Erector Spinae or Iliopsoas
Term
Which of the following muscles would not be concentrically active when attempting to place the right ear on the right shoulder while lying on the left side?
 Definition
Left Sternocleidomastoid
Term
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the diaphragm muscle?
 Definition
All of the Above

(Responsible for breathing during quiet rest, as it contracts and flattens air is inspired, when larger amounts of air are needed other thoracic muscles have a more significant contribution to inspiration.
Term
Which of the following statements is correct regarding trunk movement at the lumbar spine?
 Definition
Extends 20-30 Degrees
Term
Is hip sled seat movable or unmovable?
 Definition
Not moveable.
Term
Seated row seat movable or unmovable?
 Definition
Movable
Term
Protein synthesis one hour after working out is a myth.
 Definition
True
Term
Body needs protein, will die without it in 1 to 2 months.
 Definition
True
Term
Body mainly functions on glucose like gasoline.
 Definition
True
Term
Glucose level determines how food interacts in your body. Slightly low glucose will act different when It's low, but especially when it's high.
 Definition
True
Term
3500 calories = one pound is determined by normal glucose levels. Low = gain no weight long term.
 Definition
True
Term
Optimal time to eat is when glucose level is low. Only when you have time between meals.
 Definition
True
Term
Optimal time based on lifestyle.
 Definition
True
Term
The longer you exercise the better.
 Definition
True
Term
Can go days without eating. Would be best for weight loss since your glucose will remain low.
 Definition
True
Term
Remember three food groups.
 Definition
Fat, carbs, protein
Term
Do not need fruits and veggies to function, just carbs. Although being without them could cause other problems, THE BODY ONLY RECOGNIZES THE MAIN THREE!
 Definition
True
Term
Total number of calories when you add all three is the most important health factor, not cutting out any one type.
 Definition
True
Term
Carbohydrate ARE PLANTS!
 Definition
True
Term
Sugar comes from cane, beets, etc. Comes from plants. However, not all plants contain sugar, (like celery). Is still a carb, but without sugar.
 Definition
True
Term
Milk has carbs but isn't a plant. However, it has carbs due to ingesting and transferring plant based food to milk internally.
 Definition
True
Term
Milk is not necessary
 Definition
True
Term
*** THERE is NO FOOD, SUPPLIMENT, ETC THAT MAKES YOU A BETTER ATHLETE!!! *** Mostly determined by hereditary and training. Food can only make you perform as well as you're capable of performing. It can't increase MITO, decrease heart rate, etc.
 Definition
True
Term
Hereditary diseases can become more suceptible depending on diet and glucose levels. Can be avoided.
 Definition
True
Term
*** GLUCOSE LEVELS NEED TO OCELATE (GO UP AND DOWN) FOR POSITIVE HEALTH! *** Body will not let you get abnormally low glucose without other problems. Can alliviate or remove health issues like diabetes.
 Definition
True
Term
Blind people gain weight faster because they don't burn energy to see.
 Definition
True
Term
The brain gets used to whatever is in the bloodstream, good or bad. Can adapt in a bad way, now desiring what it originally rejected.
 Definition
True
Term
The brain gets addicted to glucose level when it's steady every day
 Definition
True
Term
Not eating has a more powerful effect on killing cancer cells than anything else, including quitting smoking. Won't get rid of it, but will help fight it.
 Definition
True
Term
*** ALL CANCER STARTS WITH ONE CELL! BECOMES A CANCEROUS / MUTANT cell for a variety of reasons. That one cell out of TRILLIONS can kill you.
 Definition
True
Term
Apoptosis = programmed cell death. Every cell has apoptotic genes to commit suicide if abnormal. Breaks off into capsules and is reabsorbed while keeping surrounding cells separate. Cancer forms when these genes are turned off. Millions are doing so at all times.
 Definition
True
Term
If apoptosis fails, INDOGENOUS APOPTOSIS (Inside Cell)… Surrounding cells can send small signals (proteins) that activate sensors outside of cells to surround cancerous cell and trigger apoptosis externally, (EXOGENOUS APOPTOSIS)!
 Definition
True
Term
*** If EXOGENOUS APOPTOSIS fails, cancer cell lives and makes copies of itself.
 Definition
True
Term
*** Body knows that when it spreads, (MESTASISIS: SPREADING OR MOVING DISEASE)… Cancer cell can move and create cancer in a different area, (lymph nodes, toe, etc.) Body knows that the cell isn't supposed to move and makes it for death. If that's bypassed, the body takes over from the cell.
 Definition
True
Term
(MESTASISIS: SPREADING OR MOVING DISEASE)
 Definition
True
Term
*** THE IMMUNE SYSTEM BECOMES THE LAST DEFENSE! Throws T-Cells and uses the immune system to try to destroy it, although cancer cells are like a ghost to it, making it hard to recognize with antibodies disguises itself with tissue.
 Definition
True
Term
Immune system can detect polio. Polio being injeccted near cancer cells would cause the body to destroy both. Wasn't universal, but worked in some cases.
 Definition
True
Term
*** THIS IS WHAT HAPPENS WITH FASTING! A THREE DAY FAST COMPLETELY REBUILDS YOUR IMMUNE SYSTEM!!! THE BODY EATS ITSELF, (WHAT IT DOESN"T NEED), IMMUNE CELLS ARE REPLENISHED BY BONE MARROW.
 Definition
True
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