Term
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Definition
| science/study of human move meant |
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Term
| Scope of Kinesiology and how does it differ from medicine |
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Definition
| Health promotion, human performance. Health in Kinesiology is proactive and preventive. Medicines that focus on treatment are reactive. |
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Term
| Three types of learning styles |
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Definition
| Auditory, visual, kinesthetic |
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Term
| learner learns best by seeing, visualizing, drawing, diagramming, etc. In other words, you “know something by seeing it.” |
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Definition
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Term
| leaner learns best by listening, talking to others and self. In other words, they “know something by hearing it”. |
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Definition
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Term
| learner learns best by doing, through movement and physical activity, and by using a “hands-on” approach. |
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Definition
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Term
| Human movement created by voluntary contractions of large muscle groups |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Organized PA, Planned PA, Structured PA |
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Term
| What is the relation to exercise and PA |
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Definition
| Not all PA is exercise, but al exercise is PA |
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Term
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Definition
| Palm up/lying flat on back |
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Term
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Definition
| lying face down/palm down |
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Term
| Six types of Synovial Joints |
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Definition
| Hinge, Pivot, Condyloid/Knuckle, saddle, Ball and Socket, Plane/gliding |
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Term
| Has one articulating surface that is convex, and another that is concave. EX: humerus-ulnar elbow joint |
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Definition
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Term
| One bone rotates around one axis E.g., head of radius rotates during pronation-supination of the forearm while ulna remains fixed |
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Definition
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Term
| The joint surfaces are usually oval. One joint surface is an ovular convex shape, and the other is a reciprocally shaped concave surface E.g., knuckle of the hand |
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Definition
| Condyloid (knuckle) joint |
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Term
| The bones set together as in sitting on a horse E.g., carpometacarpal joint of the thumb |
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Definition
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Term
| A rounded bone is fitted into a cup-like receptacle E.g., shoulder and hip joints |
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Definition
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Term
| The bone surfaces involved are nearly flat. E.g., acromioclavicular joint of the shoulder |
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Definition
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Term
| How many vertebrae are in each section of the spine |
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Definition
| 7 Cervical Vertebrae (of the Neck), 12 Thoracic Vertebrae (of the chest), 5 Lumbar Vertebrae (of the lower back), Sacrum (of the buttocks), Coccyx (4 or 5 fused vertebrae of the tailbone) |
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Term
| muscle that allows from elbow flexion and supination of hand |
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Definition
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Term
| What muscle is composed of three muscles (biceps femurs (2 heads), Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus), is the primary flexors of the knee, and also extend the hip. |
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Definition
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Term
| shortening of a tissue resulting from a force that presses the ends of a tissue structure. |
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Definition
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Term
| lengthening of a tissue on one side and shortening on the other side caused by a simultaneous tension and compression presented at the respective tissue sides. |
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Definition
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Term
| Deformation of a tissue that occurs internally as a result of a force that is applied parallel to the surface within an object. |
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Definition
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Term
| Tension and compression of a tissue at an angle across the structure (twisting). |
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Definition
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Term
| The elastic region of the load deformation curve exists where? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does elasticity mean on the load deformation curve |
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Definition
| capacity of a tissue to return to its original shape after removal of load |
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Term
| The plastic region of the load deformation curve exists where? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the yield level point in the load deformation curve? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when the load has made its way to the Yield level point (B: beginning of plastic region)? |
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Definition
| Tissue no longer possesses elastic properties |
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Term
| When does permanent tissue deformation (does not return to its original shape) results in micro - failure or injury (e.g., sprains) occur? between what two regions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What region of the load deformation curve does major or complete failure (torn ligament) occur/becomes completely unresponsive to load |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the area under the load deformation curve represent |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the slope of the load deformation curve represent |
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Definition
| stiffness or resistance to deformation of the tissue |
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Term
| What are the three different phases of healing |
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Definition
| Inflammatory Response Phase, Fibroblastic Repair Phase, Maturation-Remodeling Phase |
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Term
| Healing phase where you may experience redness, swelling, pain, increased temperature, loss of function, and PRICE rule begins. Lasts 2-4 days |
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Definition
| Inflammatory Response Phase |
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Term
| Healing phase where repair and scar forms, manual massage therapy is helpful, Rehab specific exercises are useful, protective thing and bracing should be used, and lasts hrs to 6 weeks. |
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Definition
| Fibroblastic Repair Phase |
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Term
| Healing phase where remodeling or realigning of scar tissue happens, more aggressive stretching and strengthening are used, and sport specific skills/activities are also used. Lasts 3 weeks to years. |
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Definition
| Maturation-Remodeling Phase |
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Term
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Definition
| Protect, Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation |
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Term
| Tendon or muscle tissue is stretched or torn |
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Definition
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Term
| Ligament or joint capsule is stretched or torn |
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Definition
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Term
| Slightly stretched or torn; few fibers |
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Definition
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Term
| Moderately stretched or torn, more fibers |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| knee sprain, ankle sprain |
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Term
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Definition
| quadriceps, hamstrings, rotator cuff |
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Term
| High enough force pushes the joint beyond its normal anatomical limits |
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Definition
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Term
| (Prime mover)- Producing the desired effect |
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Definition
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Term
| Opposing to producing the desired effect |
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Definition
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Term
| If the hamstring is the agonist producing flexion, what is the antagonist and what is it doing? |
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Definition
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Term
| Steps of sliding filament theory |
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Definition
| 1. Motor nerve activated the muscle fiber 2. Myosin head attaches to actin 3. Cross bridge moves 4. Actin filaments move and sarcomere shortens |
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Term
| A neutral impulse of a certain magnitude or strength is required to cause the innervated fibers to contract.(every motor unit has a specific threshold) |
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Definition
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Term
| A motor neuron (nerve) and all the muscle fibers it innervates |
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Definition
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Term
| Types of muscle contractions |
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Definition
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Term
| Types of Dynamic muscle contractions (4) |
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Definition
| Concentric, eccentric, isokinetic, plyometric |
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Term
| Isometric Contraction, no work is performed (work = force x distance) |
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Definition
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Term
| Muscle tension (force is exerted against an external load |
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Definition
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Term
| what type of dynamic contraction defines: Shortening as it goes through a range of motion (flexion), muscle overcomes a load |
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Definition
| Concentric contraction (up on bicep curl) |
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Term
| What type of dynamic contraction defines: muscle lengthening during movement (extension) muscle is overcome by a load |
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Definition
| Eccentric contraction (down on bicep curl) |
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Term
| What type of dynamic contraction defines: constant speed contraction, strengthen muscle at all joint angles |
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Definition
| Isokinetic contraction (swimming rowing) |
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Term
| What type of dynamic contraction defines: an eccentric loading and stretching of muscles followed by concentric contraction, assisted by the Golgi tendon organ reflex (causes muscle to contract to protect from too much stretch) |
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Definition
| Plyometric contraction (box jump) |
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Term
| Which muscle fiber type is fast twitch? |
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Definition
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Term
| Slow oxidative/slow twitch fibers |
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Definition
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Term
| Fast twitch muscle fibers |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Fast Oxidative Glycolytic muscle fiber |
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Definition
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Term
Slow twitch (slow contraction)
Small fibers
Fatigue resistant
Aerobic oxidative energy supply
Appear red |
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Definition
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Term
Fast twitch (fast contraction)
Larger fibers
Easily fatigued
Anaerobic energy supply |
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Definition
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Term
| What fuel source powers the phosphagen system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What fuel source powers Glycolysis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What fuel source powers oxidative phosphorylation |
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Definition
| carbohydrates, fat, protein |
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Term
| The 3 different energy systems work completely independent of one another. True or False? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is Not an anaerobic pathway of energy production: Phosphagen system, glycolytic system, oxidative system? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which point on a graph measuring running speed and blood lactate represent the anaerobic threshold? |
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Definition
| where the blood lactate (y axis) begins to increase. |
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Term
| The____ of ATP releases energy |
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Definition
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Term
| The_____of ATP requires energy |
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Definition
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Term
| How many energy systems are there for ATP production and what are they? |
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Definition
1. Phosphagen System-immediate
2. Glycolytic system-short term
3. Oxidative System-long term |
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Term
| Which energy systems have anaerobic pathways? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which energy systems have aerobic pathways? |
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Definition
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Term
Primary energy source for high power/ short duration activity.
Uses intramuscular stores of ATP.
Uses local creatine phosphate to resynthesize ATP from ADP after ATP depletes. all stores are small so this system lasts 7-12 seconds. |
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Definition
| Phosphagen system (ATP-PC) |
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Term
| Uses Glycolysis for energy production(the breakdown of carbs. Glycogen in muscle or glucose in blood) to resynthesizes ATP. No oxygen needed for energy production. A metabolic by product: lactic acid . |
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Definition
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Term
| increase in Anaerobic Threshold: an exercise intensity at which lactic acid begins to accumulate. reduces rate of lactate production. increases rate of lactate elimination. AT = Lactate threshold |
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Definition
| Effect of training on the Glycolytic System |
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Term
| Primary energy source for activities below anaerobic threshold(when you begin to accumulate lactic acid). Oxidative phosphorylation is involved in energy production(ATP). Removes lactic acid from working muscles(Cori cycle). |
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Definition
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Term
147 ATP per cycle created from fats, 38 ATP from glucose.
Oxidative phosphorylation takes place in mitochondria.
Oxygen is needed for energy production.
Carbs, fat, and protein are used to fuel this system. |
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Definition
| Oxidative phosphorylation |
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Term
| Initial strength in training can be accredited to hypertrophy or neural adaptations? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ability of the athlete to perform maximal voluntary muscular contractions in order to overcome powerful external resistances |
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Definition
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Term
| the ability of a muscle or muscle group to exert force against resistance |
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Definition
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Term
| A negative relationship exists between what? |
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Definition
| Relative strength and body mass |
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Term
| Proportion of maximal strength relative to body mass |
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Definition
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Term
| A positive relationship exists between what? |
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Definition
| max strength and body mass |
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Term
| strength is determined by by |
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Definition
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Term
| Pyruvic acid, a byproduct of glycosides is processed in the mitochondria. When the production of pyruvic acid produced is greater than the processing of the pyruvic acid which byproduct is created? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the correct path of deoxygenated blood flow through the heart (starting at the inferior/superior vena cava |
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Definition
| ///Begin deoxygenated blood///Blood flows into (1)RIGHT ATRIUM via vena cava and then (2)RIGHT VENTRICLE. Blood flows through (3)PULMONARY ARTERY to (4)LUNGS, gas enhance takes place through gas diffusion in alveoli(lungs). ///End Deoxygenated blood///Begin Oxygenated blood///Blood flows through (5)PULMONARY VEIN from lungs to(6)LEFT ATRIUM and then (7)LEFT VENTRICLE. Blood flows out of the heart via (8)AORTA and is distributed to all over the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Duration of Phosphagen system |
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Term
10 sec-2 min
400-800m event |
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Definition
| Duration of Glycolysis system |
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Term
2 min-1+hr.
1500m to 5000m or 10k to marathon event |
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Definition
| Duration of Oxidative system |
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Term
| ensuring that blood flows into one direction (no backflow) |
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Definition
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Term
| Vessels that carry blood away from the heart are called? |
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Definition
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Term
| vessels that return blood back to heart? |
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Definition
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Term
| (maximal aerobic power)The maximal rate of oxygen that can be consumed to produce energy in the muscle. Power of oxidative system. Additional energy requirement beyond this intensity will be fulfilled by glycolytic system. |
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Definition
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Term
Stroke Volume (SV)
normal SV for normal heart
training effect |
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Definition
| Amount of blood pumped out from LEFT VENTRICLE per HEARTBEAT. Normal SV is 70ml. Regular exercise can increase SV. |
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Term
Heart rate (HR)
normal HR. Max HR equation, and how to calculate |
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Definition
Number of heart beats per minute (bpm)
Normal HR: 60-100bpm
Max HR=220-Age
calculated by counting beats in pulse for 10 sec and multiplying by six |
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Term
Cardiac Output (CO)
equation |
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Definition
| Amount of blood pumped out from LEFT VENTRICLE PER MINUTE. CO = SV x HR |
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Term
| Midpoint or area where the mass above and below are equal |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when center of gravity is raised? |
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Definition
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Term
| what happens to center of gravity when athletic movements are performed properly |
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Definition
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Term
which of the following statements about center of gravity is NOT true?
a)center of gravity is at the midpoint where the mass above and below are equal
b) raising the center of gravity will cause an athlete to become more stable
c) center of gravity is always located at a point on the body |
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Definition
| b) raising the center of gravity will cause an athlete to become more stable |
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Term
| The best time for information feedback is immediately after the performance. True or False |
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Definition
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Term
| Information that is provided as a natural consequence of performing an action is _______ feedback |
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Definition
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Term
| step 1/4 of qualitative analysis |
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Definition
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Term
| Step 2/4 of qualitative analysis |
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Definition
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Term
| step 3/4 of qualitative analysis |
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Definition
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Term
| step 4/4 of qualitative analysis |
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Definition
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Term
| A calf raise is an example of what type of lever? |
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Definition
| 2nd Class (Axis, Resistance, Force) |
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Term
| AFR (Axis, Force, Resistance) |
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Definition
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Term
| ARF (Axis, Resistance, Force) |
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Definition
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Term
| RAF (Resistance, Axis Force) |
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Definition
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Term
| Center of gravity is not always directly pinpointed on the body. True or false? |
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Definition
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Term
| Lever where axis is located between resistance and force |
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Definition
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Term
| Lever where resistance is located between axis and force |
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Definition
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Term
| Lever where force is located between axis and resistance |
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Definition
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Term
| bicep curl is an example of what type of lever |
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Definition
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Term
| head nodding is a example of what type of lever |
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Definition
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Term
| 4 Steps of qualitative analysis/quality instruction |
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Definition
1. Preparation
2. Observation
3. Evaluation
4. Error correction |
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Term
What step of qualitative analysis deals with:
Knowing the skill, Identification of critical phases, determination of correct execution, determination of skill objective, and skills with similar overall objectives will be governed by similar biomechanical principles |
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Definition
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Term
| What step of qualitative analysis deals with: Studying the actual execution of the skill(who? what? where? how? planning observations prior to session, hearing, seeing, feeling) |
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Definition
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Term
What step qualitative analysis deals with:
Diagnosis of a movement, identification of problems and weakness, determination of acceptable range of correct movements, dividing skill into phases, and identifying key body movements involved in each phase |
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Definition
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Term
What step of qualitative analysis deals with:
provision of quality feedback, effective communication, sources of concentration(mental, physical) |
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Definition
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Term
| Three stages of motor learning |
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Definition
| cognitive, associative, autonomous stages |
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Term
which stage of motor learning:
begins when task is first introduced, learner determines what the skill involves, determines performance goals required to perform the skill, instructions are verbally transmitted, self talk and verbal reminders facilitate learning, and performance is slow/jerky/awkward |
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Definition
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Term
which stage of motor learning:
focuses on performing and refining the skill, concentration is directed toward smaller details (timing), performance becomes controlled and consistent, and diminished self talk |
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Definition
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Term
which stage of motor learning:
has automatic and very proficient performance, improvements become slow/less obvious(reduced mental effort, improved style, reduced anxiety) |
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Definition
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Term
| Learners are taught various fundamental movements and applied to a game, when learning from one situation assists learning in another |
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Definition
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Term
| The 2018 physical activity guidelines state adults should participate in how many minutes of moderate intensity physical activity a week? |
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Definition
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Term
2018 PA guidelines for Americans:
adults should avoid ______.
adults should do at least _____ minutes a week of _______ intensity, _______ minutes a week of ________ intensity aerobic PA, or __________ combination of ________ and vigorous intensity aerobic PA.
Aerobic activity should be performed in episodes of at lease _____ minutes. Adults should also do strength training actives on ______ or more days a week |
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Definition
| inactivity, 150, moderate, 75, vigorous, equivalent, moderate, 10, 2. |
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Term
| what HR percentage should you train at if trying to develop Cardiorespiratory training |
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Definition
| 50-80% of predicted max HR |
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Term
| What training principle deals with training demand being greater than normal performance requirement (increased frequency, intensity, and time of training) |
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Definition
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Term
| Five health related components of physical fitness |
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Definition
1. muscular strength
2. muscular endurance
3. cardiorespiratory endurance
4. flexibility
5. body composition |
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Term
| is an achieved condition that limits the amount of physical activity that can be performed |
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Definition
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Term
| exercise continuum exists, so that what may be considered physical activity to a fit person may be considered exercise to an unfit person |
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Definition
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Term
| For a test to be a good test it must be both what? |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ tells the repeatability of a measurement |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ tells the degree of truthfulness of a measurement |
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Definition
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Term
| Degree of truthfulness in measurement |
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Definition
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Term
| How well it measures what is supposed to measure and a trait that is possessed by the instrument or test being used describes what |
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Definition
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Term
| repeatability of a measuremtn |
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Definition
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Term
| big five personality traits |
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Definition
| openness, neuroticism, consciousness, agreeableness, extraversion. |
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Term
| Physiological state of readiness and psychological activation, involves the autonomic nervous system, body way of preparing you for fight or flight |
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Definition
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Term
| tension an worry that results from distress |
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Definition
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Term
| nonspecific response of the body to any demand made upon it, unemotional bodily response to some type of stressor, can be either good or bad (depends upon the individuals personal interpretation) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the pattern of characteristic thought, feelings, and behaviors that distinguish one person from another and persist over time and situations |
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Definition
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Term
individuals belief that s/he can succeed in the task
situtation specific self confidence |
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Definition
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Term
| relationship between cognitive anxiety and athletic performance is? |
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Definition
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Term
| The relationship between somatic state anxiety and performance takes on what shape on a figure |
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Definition
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Term
| Steps of transtheoretical model of behavior change (5) |
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Definition
1. Precontemplation
2. contemplation
3. preparation
4. action |
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