Term
| Causes of acute tubular necrosis |
|
Definition
ischemia
nephrotoxins
heme proteins |
|
|
Term
| Ischemia (hypoperfusion) examples |
|
Definition
hypovolemic shock (bleeding)
Sepsis
Burns
Prolonged surgical opera |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Toxic chemicals
Heavy Metals
Drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Myoglobin (rehabomyolysis)
Hemoglobin (hemolysis) |
|
|
Term
| . Ischemic acute tubular necrosis (ATN) is a common consequense of renal hypoperfusion in patient with |
|
Definition
| hypovolemic or endotoxemic shock or circulatory collapse owing to pump failure(e.g.,myocardial infarct). |
|
|
Term
| Tubular necrosis leads to |
|
Definition
| oliguria;the oliguria is reversible, because the tubule regenerate. |
|
|
Term
| Patients placed on dialysis will |
|
Definition
| survive and enter a polyuric phase before fully recovering. The urine contains dark brown granular cast. |
|
|
Term
| PATHOLOGY OF ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS: |
|
Definition
The Necrotic tubular cells slough off
Intra tubular cast in medulla
Regeneration of tubules with functionless cells occurs fast |
|
|
Term
| acute tubular necrosis is |
|
Definition
| the most common cause of acute renal failure |
|
|
Term
| Prognosis of acute tubular necrosis |
|
Definition
| is oliguria-anuria-polyuria |
|
|
Term
| Recovery of acute tubular necrosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Glomerulopathies of nonimmune origin are encountered in two systemic diseases, |
|
Definition
| diabetes mellitus and amyloidosis. |
|
|
Term
| Uremia(i.e.,end-stage kidney disease) may |
|
Definition
| ensue over time from any glomerular disease |
|
|
Term
| Diabetes affects the kidney by |
|
Definition
| leaking protein (albumin) into the urine |
|
|
Term
| Diabetic nephropathy is manifested by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Diabetic nephropathy Electron microscopy demonstrates a striking increase in |
|
Definition
| thickness of the glomerular basement membrane |
|
|
Term
| is one of the earliest morphologic changes in diabetes mellitus |
|
Definition
| Thickening of vascular basement membrane observable by electron microscopy |
|
|
Term
| An increase in mesangial matrix results in (1st characteristic) |
|
Definition
| Diffuse glomerulosclerosis is marked by a diffusely distributed increase in mesangial matrix. |
|
|
Term
| An increase in mesangial matrix results in (2nd characteristic) |
|
Definition
| Nodular glomerulosclerosis is marked by nodular accumulation of mesangial matrix material ( |
|
|
Term
| (Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules). |
|
Definition
| nodular accumulation of mesangial matrix material |
|
|
Term
| Renal amyloidosis is a cause of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Renal amyloidosis characteristics are |
|
Definition
| Predominantly subendothelial and mesangial amyloid deposits |
|
|
Term
| Associations of Renal Amyloidosis are |
|
Definition
| chronic inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis or plasma cell disorders such as multiple myeloma |
|
|
Term
| Renal Amyloidosis amorphous extracellular material in glomeruli is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Congo red positivity is also present in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Acute (allergic) tubulointerstitial nephritis is most often caused by |
|
Definition
| by type IV hypersensitivity(cell-mediated) reaction to therapeutic drugs. |
|
|
Term
| Tubulointerstitial nephritis Pathologically, it is characterized by |
|
Definition
| tubular injury and renal interstitial infiltrate containing T lymphocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils. |
|
|
Term
| Tubulointerstitial nephritis Patients present with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tubulointerstitial nephritis Chronic (immune mediated) tubulointerstitial nephritis is |
|
Definition
| typical feature of chronic renal transplant rejection. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Thromboemboli
Mural thrombi (M.I., atrial fibrillation)
Endocarditis
Aortic thrombi (atherosclerosis)
Cholesterol emboli |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Cortical ischemia: thrombi, vasospasm
Complication: shock |
|
|
Term
| Cortex damage – medulla spared |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is characterized by |
|
Definition
| sclerosis within capillary tufts of deep juxtamedullary glomeruli with focal or segmental distribution. |
|
|
Term
| Focal distribution is involvement of |
|
Definition
| some, but not all of the glomeruli. |
|
|
Term
| Segmental distribution is involvement |
|
Definition
| only a part of the glomerulus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All or most (greater than 75-80%) of the glomeruli in a tissue section are diseased |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Some glomeruli in a section are diseased (less than 75-80%). It's the opposite of diffuse.. |
|
|
Term
| Global: This is when the process affects the |
|
Definition
| entire glomerulus, not just parts of it. Global diseases are usually also diffuse. |
|
|
Term
| Global is the opposite of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| global means that if a glomerulus is involved |
|
Definition
| portions of it are involved |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
predictable and dose dependent
occurs in cancer patients receiving cytotoxic drugs |
|
|
Term
| Immunologic reaction presents as |
|
Definition
| acute tubulointerstitial nephritis( e.g., hypersensitivity to penicillin. |
|
|
Term
| Papillary necrosis: It is most often associated |
|
Definition
| with an abuse of analgesic (e.g.,phenacitin). |
|
|
Term
| Drugs that cause kidney injury inhibit |
|
Definition
| prostaglandin synthesis and cause ischemia of the renal medulla |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A moon-shaped fibrous tissue proliferation in the glomerulus which fills all or part of Bowman's space. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| severe damage to the glomerular basement membrane, and the presence of crescents is often an ominous risk factor for quick progression to end-stage renal disease. |
|
|
