Term
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Definition
Developmental disorder
UTI (Urinary Tract Infection)
Stone
Tumor |
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Term
| Major Developmental disorders |
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Definition
| may be and evident at birth or during infancy |
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Term
| minor Developmental disorders |
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Definition
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Term
| minor Developmental disorders examples |
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Definition
| polycystic kidney disease, hydronephrosis, kidney tumor |
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Term
CONGENITAL RENAL ANOMALIES:
Agenesis |
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Definition
| – Bilateral renal agenesis (Potter syndrome) |
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Term
CONGENITAL RENAL ANOMALIES:
Ectopia |
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Definition
| (stay in the pelvis or presacral area) |
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Term
CONGENITAL RENAL ANOMALIES:
Fusion |
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Definition
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Term
CONGENITAL RENAL ANOMALIES:
Dysplasia |
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Definition
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Term
CONGENITAL RENAL ANOMALIES:
Polycystic kidney disease |
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Definition
| present of cysts of in kidney causing extreme enlargement |
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Term
| Agenesis of one kidney frequency |
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Definition
| occurs in 1 of 800 births and is usually asymptomatic. |
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Term
| Agenesis of both kidneys (Potter syndrome) occurs |
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Definition
| 1 in 5000 births and is lethal |
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Term
| Horse-shoe kidney. which occurs when the kidneys |
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Definition
| fail to separate at the lower pole during development, |
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Term
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Definition
| compression of the vena cava or aorta. |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal upward migration of the fetal kidneys results in positional anomalies. |
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Term
| Ectopic kidneys are most often located |
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Definition
| in the pelvis and are prone to infection or obstruction. |
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Term
| Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), caused |
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Definition
| caused by an abnormality in one genes, |
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Term
| Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) occurs in |
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Definition
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Term
| Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) enlarges |
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Definition
| bilateral enlargement of the kidneys, which contain numerous fluid-filled cysts and weigh more than 1000 grams each. |
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Term
| Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) renal failure occurs during |
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Definition
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Term
| Common kidney disease Autosomal dominant Polycystic kidney disease causes dialysis and transplants happen in |
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Definition
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Term
| Autosomal dominant Polycystic kidney disease Bilaterally enlarged kidneys are |
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Definition
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Term
| Autosomal dominant Polycystic kidney disease symptoms occur |
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Definition
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Term
| Autosomal dominant Polycystic kidney disease causes renal failure in |
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Definition
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Term
| Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) is |
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Definition
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Term
| In ARPKD, the kidneys contain |
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Definition
| small cyst and are only slightly enlarged. |
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Term
| Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) Renal failure |
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Definition
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Term
| Congenital Bladder Abnormality: Exstrophy is |
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Definition
| The absence of a portion of the lower abdominal wall and the anterior wall of the bladder |
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Term
|
Definition
| continuous leakage of urine |
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Term
| Exstrophy causes a presistant or |
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Definition
| recurrent local infection |
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Term
| Exstrophy increasees the risk of |
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Definition
| ascending urinary tract infection |
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Term
| Exstrophy may progress into |
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Definition
| adenocarcinoma or squamous cell carcinoma |
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Term
| The upper urinary tract is composed of the |
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Definition
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Term
| Infection in the upper urinary tract generally affects |
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Definition
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Term
| The lower urinary tract consists of the |
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Definition
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Term
| Infection in the lower urinary tract can affect |
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Definition
| the urethra or the bladder |
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Term
| Infections of the urinary tract are the _________type of infection in the body. |
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Definition
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Term
| Urinary tract infections (UTIs) account for about _______ doctor visits each year. |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| pathology in the kidney, upper tract |
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Term
| The classic (most common) cause of urethritis is infection with |
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Definition
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Term
| Urethritis non specific pathologies |
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Definition
| Chlamydia : E. coli, or Mycoplasma. |
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Term
| In males, urethritis typically complicates |
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Definition
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Term
| In females urethritis typically leads to |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 common characteristics of urethritis |
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Definition
| Urinary frequency, dysuria, and urethral discharge |
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Term
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Definition
| painful burning sensation during urination |
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Term
| Reiter’s syndrome, in addition to urethritis, there is |
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Definition
| arthritis and conjuctivitis |
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Term
| UTIs are diagnosed clinically and confirmed by |
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Definition
| urine analysis, which shows bacterial colonies in excess of 100,000. |
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Term
| Cystitis is usually a complication |
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Definition
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Term
| Cystitis may occur as a primary disease following |
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Definition
| instrumentation(e.g.,catheterization, cystoscopy), urinary obstruction(e.g.,benign prostatic hyperplasia, or bladder irritation(e.g.,as a result of urolithiasis). |
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Term
| Cystitis Patient presents with |
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Definition
| urgency, dysuria, and hematuria; bacteria and leukocytes can be detected in the urine. |
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Term
| Cystitis Patient Risk Factors (7 things) |
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Definition
advancement of age
the presence of bladder calculi
bladder outlet obstruction
diabetes mellitus
immuno-deficiency, previous instrumentation or catheterization, radiation therapy or chemotherapy.
the risk in females is increased because of the short urethra, especially during pregnancy.
prostatic hyperplasia. |
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Term
|
Definition
Escherichia coli,
Proteus,
Pseudomonas, and
Enterobacter. |
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Term
| Cystitis most frequent cause is |
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Definition
| E Coli (80%) lower urinary tract |
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Term
| Chronic Interstitial Cystitis is a |
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Definition
| A disorder of unknown cause, typically affecting middle-aged women- |
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Term
| Therapy for Chronic Interstitial Cystitis |
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Definition
| refractory to all forms or therapy |
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Term
| Common features for Chronic Interstitial Cystitis |
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Definition
| Chronic inflammation and fibrosis are commonly observed within the muscularis. |
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Term
| Chronic Interstitial Cystitis symptoms |
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Definition
| are longstanding supra-pubic pain, frequency and urgency, with or without hematuria |
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Term
| Urine cultures of Chronic Interstitial Cystitis |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An inflammatory disorder of unknown causes |
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Term
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Definition
| macrophage containing mucosal plaques |
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Term
| Malakoplakia affects mostly |
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Definition
| women in their fifth to seventh decades of life |
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Term
| Malakoplakia is associated with an infection in |
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Definition
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Term
| Squamous Metaplasia is associated with |
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Definition
| calculi and chronic cystitis |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Squamous Metaplasia age group is |
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Definition
| infancy to 8th decade of life |
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Term
| Squamous Metaplasia is most common in |
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Definition
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Term
| Squamous Metaplasia occurs most frequently in |
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Definition
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Term
| Squamous Metaplasia increases the risk of |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| as a result of vesicoureteral feflux |
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Term
| Ureteritis may progress to |
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Definition
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Term
| The congenital defect predisposing to vesico- ureteral reflux is found in |
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Definition
| 2%--3% of patients and is an important cause of UTI in young girls and women. |
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Term
| Vesicoureteral reflux is corrected by |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| congenital condition which the valve in the bladder is defected and the urine refluxes back to the kidney |
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Term
| Pyelonephritis is the term used for |
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Definition
| bacterial infection of the kidneys, renal calices, and renal pelvis |
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Term
| Pyelonephritis is caused by |
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Definition
| gram negative uropathogens |
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Term
|
Definition
KEEPS.
1. Klebsiella
2. Escherichia coli
3. Enterobactor
4. Proteus
5. Serratia |
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Term
| Pyelonephritis predisposing conditions |
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Definition
Urinary stones
Hydronephrosis
Cystitis
Prostatic hyperplasia
Tumors
Pregnancy
Vesico-ureteric reflux
External ureteric compression (e.g. fibrosis) |
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Term
| Pyelonephritis is associated with |
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Definition
| high grade fever, flank pain, hematuria |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Acute Pyelonephritis bacterial infection |
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Definition
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Term
| Acute Pyelonephritis ascending |
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Definition
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Term
| Acute Pyelonephritis lower UTI |
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Definition
| precedes renal infections |
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Term
| Acute Pyelonephritis urine will have |
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Definition
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Term
| Acute Polynephritis may have |
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Definition
| flank pain, hematmia, fever with chill, wbc cast |
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Term
| what is the differential diagnosis for flank pain |
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Definition
| kidney infection, cancer, stone, |
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Term
| Healing recurrence will cause |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| fever, flack pain, dysuria, noctuna, young women, old men |
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Term
| Costovertebral angle tenderness test (Murphy's Test) differentiates |
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Definition
| acute polynephritis positive |
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Term
| Chronic pyelonephritis caused by |
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Definition
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Term
| Pathologically chronic pyelonephritis is characterized by |
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Definition
| scarring of the kidney, deformities of the collecting system, heydronephrosis, and loss of the renal parenchyma |
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Term
| Histopathology of chronic pyelonephritis is |
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Definition
| the thyroidization, i.e., many dilated tubules with hyaline casts. Patchy presence of inflammatory cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| common disease; 5%--10% of the population is affected over the course of a lifetime. |
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Term
| Urolithiasis affects more |
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Definition
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Term
| Some studies have shown that 50-70% of patients with a history of calcium urolithiasis will |
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Definition
| will have another bout of urolithiasis within 10 years |
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Term
| Renal – Primary stones are |
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Definition
| calcium oxalate or phosphate, uric acid, magnesium ammonium phosphate and calcium phosphate, cystine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| account for 75% of urolithiasis. |
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Definition
| Calcium oxalate and calcium phosphate stones |
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Term
| Struvite stone (staghorn calculi) are |
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Definition
Requires cathederization, Magnesium....
Common Renal pelvis stone that forms ammonium magnesium phosphate stones that form in alkaline urine, such as occurs in patients with persistent UTIs. |
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Term
| Struvite stones are found in |
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Definition
| 15% of patients with urolithiasis. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Complication of kidney stone |
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Definition
| pain, infection, blood in urine, hydroneprosis, kidney failure |
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Term
| Uric acid stones found in 9% of patient are typically seen in |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| blood cancer followed by chemotherapeutic drugs |
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Term
| 50% cases they occur without hyperuricemia. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 1% of patients with cystinosis |
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Term
| Calcium stones are most common with a pH of |
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Definition
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Term
| Stuvite is second most common stone with a pH of |
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Definition
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Term
| Uric acid is the third most common stone with a pH of |
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Definition
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Term
| Cystine stone is least common with a pH of |
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Definition
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Term
| Complications of urolithiasis |
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Definition
1. Urinary colics
2. Hydroureter and hydronephrosis
3. Infection |
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Term
| Acute Renal Colic presents |
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Definition
Severe flank pain
Radiation to groin to external gentalia
Vomitting and urinary symptoms
Blood in the urine |
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Term
| Kidney stone pain will not present with |
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Definition
| fever, (kidney infection will have fevers) |
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Term
| Hydronephrosis commonly results from |
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Definition
| an obstruction located at the junction of the ureter and renal pelvis (ureteropelvic junction). |
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Term
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Definition
| structural abnormalities, stones in renal pelvis, compression from tumor |
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Term
| Urinary bladder cancer is the |
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Definition
| 4th leading cause of death 15,000 deaths for every 70,000 |
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Term
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Definition
| 5th leading cause of death 13,000 deaths for every 60,000 |
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Term
| Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma) is |
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Definition
| malignant tumor originating from the renal blastema. in children |
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Term
| Wilms tumor (nephroblastoma) peak incidence is |
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Definition
| in children between 1 and 3 years |
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Term
| Following surgery combined with chemotherapy, the 5-year survival rate of Wilms Tumor |
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Definition
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Term
| A palpable abdominal mass in an infant usually represents one of three conditions |
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Definition
1. Multicystic renal dysplasia
2. Wilms tumor
3. Neuroblastoma of the adrenal tumor |
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Term
| Kidney cancer comes from the |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| sporatic (90)% in abdomen of children |
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Term
| Renal cell carcinoma is most common in |
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Definition
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Term
| Neoplasm of renal cell carcinoma is between he ages of |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| resistant to chemotherapy and is associated with a 5 year survival rate of 45% |
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Term
| Renal cell carcinoma symptoms |
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Definition
|
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Term
| the classic triad in renal cell carcinoma is |
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Definition
| hematuria, flank pain, and a mass found in only 10 % of cases |
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Term
| Complications of renal cell carcinoma includes |
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Definition
| hematogenous metastasis, following invasion of the renal veins |
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Term
| Transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis is |
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Definition
| Small, well-differentiated tumors are associated with 5-year survival rate of 70%, but undifferentiated tumors are more malignant. |
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Term
| Fifty percent of transitional cell carcinoma |
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Definition
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Term
There are three most common type of urinary tract tumors.
In 90% of cases, they are transitional cell carcinoma; the remaining cases are squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma. |
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Definition
| In 90% of cases, they are transitional cell carcinoma; the remaining cases are squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma. |
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Term
| urinary tract tumors are usually found in |
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Definition
| Typically, patients are men between the ages of 50 and 80 years |
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Term
| Predisposing factors include cigarette smoking and exposure to aniline dyes. |
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Definition
| tumor of the urinary bladder |
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Term
| Clinical findings of tumor of urinary bladder are |
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Definition
| dysuria, mass effect in the pelvic region at site of metastasis or |
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Term
| Treatment of urinary bladder tumor is |
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Definition
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Term
| Treatment of urinary bladder tumor may include |
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Definition
| adjuvant therapy with cytotoxic drugs and intravesical (BCG) immunotherapy. |
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Term
| Prognosis of urinary bladder tumor is |
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Definition
| dependant of on the histological grade |
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Term
| for grade 1 of urinary bladder tumor is |
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Definition
| survival up to 5 years by 90% |
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Term
| Most common type in the United States |
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Definition
| Transitional Cell Carcinoma |
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Term
| Transitional cell carcinoma is most common in |
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Definition
| Men are affected three- to fourfold as often as women |
|
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Term
| an increased risk of bladder cancer was identified among |
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Definition
| workers in the leather, rubber, paint, and organic chemical industries. |
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Term
| doubling of the incidence of bladder carcinoma. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma is |
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Definition
| distinctly uncommon in the Western World |
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Term
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma is common where |
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Definition
| schistosomiasis is endemic |
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Term
| Tumors or the ureters and urethra |
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Definition
Transitional cell carcinoma in these locations are rare.
Obstruction is an early symptom |
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Term
| Squamous cells cancer is predisposed to |
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Definition
| parasitic infection, anaplasia |
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Term
| Urinary outlet obstruction |
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Definition
| tumor, prostate enlargement, pregnance, stone |
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Term
|
Definition
| mass usually 1-2 cm near urethra |
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Term
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Definition
| cytoplasm is clean in renal/kidney |
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Term
|
Definition
| tests- show bladder or kidney infection |
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Term
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Definition
| E coli in the UTI, inflammation disorder, cause is known |
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Term
|
Definition
| palpable kidney, slight pain, other complaints, unable to start or stop urinations |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| absent urination (kidney failure sign) |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| low output of urine (<500 ml with good hydration) |
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Term
|
Definition
| kidney stone, flank pain, no fever |
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