Term
| What are the benchmarks that help determine a democratic society? |
|
Definition
Popular sovereignty
political liberty
political equality |
|
|
Term
| Define popular soverignty |
|
Definition
| The people are the ultimate source of authority |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| people should be free to express themselves and to work together to achieve political objectives - we are allowed to talk freely about our govert. |
|
|
Term
| Define Political equality |
|
Definition
every persons vote is = weight
this did not happen until the 14th and 19th amendment
unequal distribution of wealth and income generally meant political inequality |
|
|
Term
| What type of democracy are we? |
|
Definition
Representative democracy
direct democracy |
|
|
Term
| what influenced 18th century republicanism? |
|
Definition
greece
rome
aristotle writings
social contract theorists -Locke and Hobbes |
|
|
Term
| what are points about the social contract? |
|
Definition
Man is a human by nature
what are we willing to do for eachother and what are you willing to do for me?
Mans natural tendency is toward self interest |
|
|
Term
| what are characteristics of thr 18th century republicanism? |
|
Definition
governemnt based on popular consent
Rule by people is indirect
the term people is narrowly defined
Office holding is only for rich white males with property
elected representatives act as trustees |
|
|
Term
| What are the democratic ideals? |
|
Definition
governemnt based on popular consent
rule by the people direct or indirect
people is broadly defined
office holding can be held by many
elected officials act as delegates
majority rule prevails
governemnt does what the people want
government safeguards rights and liberties
no emphasis on property rights |
|
|
Term
| What are the fundamental principles of a representative democracy? |
|
Definition
popular soverrignty
political equality
political liberty |
|
|
Term
| What are the 6 conditions for a popular sovereignty? |
|
Definition
1. governemnt reflects the will of the ppl.
2.leaders of the govert. are elected
3.elections are free and fair
4.there is participation and process by the people
5.people have access to credible political information
6.majority rule |
|
|
Term
| what is the definition of politics? |
|
Definition
WHO gets WHAT, WHEN and HOW - Harold Laswell
government decides this |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| institutions that make the decisions that determine what we can do and what services we have no choice about recieving. |
|
|
Term
| When people live together in groups, some system is needed to provide |
|
Definition
law and order
essential public goods
protection against aggressors |
|
|
Term
| How does the government get people to obey their law? |
|
Definition
make policies that are binding on everyone
legitimately use sanctions to see that policies are obeyed |
|
|
Term
| why has democracy ben the choice of so many countries? |
|
Definition
people can govern themselves
recogizes the intrinsic value of human beings
rational |
|
|
Term
| Why did the republican tradition appeal to so many of the founding fathers? |
|
Definition
| Because it protected their wealth |
|
|
Term
| Why did the democratic tradition increadsed since the 18th century? |
|
Definition
| Because people want to be able to change the way their govt. works and the democratic govt. allows us to change laws. |
|
|
Term
| How has the encounter between democratic aspirations and the nations republican constitutional foundations produced a hybrid system today? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the areas the republican and democratic principals compliment eachother? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the areas the republican and democratic principals conflict with eachother? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was Shay's Rebellion? |
|
Definition
| Massach. Farmers were losing their land because banks were able to seize the property when the farmers could not pay. they could not pay because of a drought. all other states were helping the farmers. Massach. was hurting the farmers. Shay rebelled. held up the courts so they could not rule onthe foreclosures. army had to get involved. |
|
|
Term
| lesson learned from Shay's rebellion? |
|
Definition
popular democracy was dangerous
governemnt existed to protect property
man had no security if governemnt could not do so. |
|
|
Term
| What was the revolution about? |
|
Definition
| Life, liberty and property was threatened by the British policies on trade and taxation |
|
|
Term
| What did the revolution fight morph into? |
|
Definition
Popular sovereignty
political equality |
|
|
Term
| What are some key ideas of the Declaration of Independance |
|
Definition
Only the people could establish a governemnt
Governemnt existed with the consent of the people.
government was to protect the rights of citizens
governemnt could be changed by the people if it failed to protect those rights. |
|
|
Term
| The declaration of independance had three parts |
|
Definition
1. philosophy of govt.
2. a list of complaints aainst king george III
3.Separationof the colonists from GB |
|
|
Term
| What were the problems with the articles? |
|
Definition
lack of executive powers
dependance on the states for funding
inability to protect the nation in foreign affairs |
|
|
Term
| what major issue did the fathers leave out in the decl of indep. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the artices of confederation what was the power vested in? |
|
Definition
| the states. there was a lose central govt. |
|
|
Term
| what were the problems with the articles of confederation? |
|
Definition
weak central govt.
no chief exec.
no court
no army
no suthority to compel taxation and regulate commerce
national laws and changes to those laws had to be approved by 9/13 states so it was difficult to ammend
sovereignty law with the states, not the people |
|
|
Term
| who were critics of the framers of the const.? |
|
Definition
charles beard
thurgood marshall |
|
|
Term
| what were the consensus at the constitutional convention? |
|
Definition
articles were not working?
new nation needed a new centralized govt. |
|
|
Term
| what were the conflicts at the constitutional convention? |
|
Definition
fear of a strong, centralized govt.
fear of unchecked democracy
the states were scared of being controlled by centralized govt. |
|
|
Term
| When was the constitutional convention? |
|
Definition
| May 14 to September 17, 1787 |
|
|
Term
| What is the great compromise? |
|
Definition
also called the connecticut compromise.
New Jersey wanted equal representation for all states
Virginia plan wanted representation by state population
this created the HOR - representation by population
this also created the Senate - representation that is equal. |
|
|
Term
| What are the key components of slavery during the constitutional convention |
|
Definition
salves = 3/5 a person in calculation of representation in the house
congress could not ban the international slave trade until 1808
non-slave states were required to return runaway slaves to their respective states.
slaver, slave, and slaves were never mentioned in the const. convention. |
|
|
Term
| What did the constitutional convention establish about the the presidency |
|
Definition
single executive
no term limit
electoral college - the state votes for electors the electors vote for president. |
|
|
Term
| at the constitutional convention, what did the framers create? |
|
Definition
Republicanism and Federalism
separation of powers, checks and balances, foundation for a national economy |
|
|
Term
| Describe republicanism in terms of what the constitutional convention framers created |
|
Definition
Republicanism -
self govt. - by people
limited govt. - some would say, not all.
-limited in scope
- limited in partcipation - not all could |
|
|
Term
| Describe federalism in terms of what the constitutional convention framers created |
|
Definition
some powers given only to the states - education
some powers given only to the federal govt. - military
some shared powers - tax
some powers denied both the states and federal govt. |
|
|
Term
| What were the hardships the framers had to get past to pass the constitution. |
|
Definition
-the states were upset because the delegates were not given authority to write a new constitution but were meant to amend the articles of confed.
there were differing opinions regarding a strong central govt.
there was a lack of bill of rights |
|
|
Term
| How did the framers persuade people to pass the constitution |
|
Definition
the federalist papers-85 essays written in favor anonomously
but written by alexander hamilton, james madison, and john jay |
|
|
Term
| What are the principles guiding the U.S. Constitution? |
|
Definition
-popular sovereignty
-limited govt.
-separation of powers
-checks and balances
-judicial review
-federalism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
freedom of speech, religion, assemble, and the press
rights are not absolute |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-the right of the people to bear arms shall not be infringed upon
-designed to stop congress from disarming state militias
-govt. still has the right to regulate the ownership of guns |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -no soldier shall be quartered in any house without the owners consent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -prohinits illegal seach and seizures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -no person shall be forced to self incriminate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| right to a speedy trial in front of an impartial jury of your peers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| your right to a trial by jury |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| excessive bail and/or cruel and unusual punishments are prohibited |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| natural rights will still be retained by the people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
reserved powers clause
powers not delegated to the .S. by the constitutuion or prohibited by the stated will be retained by the states. |
|
|
Term
| What was one of the most important goals of republicanism? |
|
Definition
| to put road blocks in front of a moajority |
|
|
Term
| what does it mean when someone says "living constitution" |
|
Definition
| the constituiton is always evolving |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a system where power is shared between a central govt. and smaller units such as states. |
|
|
Term
| What was the probem with federalism and 18th century republicanism? |
|
Definition
it was too complex
unclear boundaries |
|
|
Term
| Why did America choose federalism? |
|
Definition
most ppl identified with states
people were not comfortable with a unitary form of govt.
divided power among different levels |
|
|
Term
| Federalism is a middle ground between what two types of govt.? |
|
Definition
| Unitary and confederation |
|
|
Term
| What are the two levels of our federal system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three powers of the national federal govt. |
|
Definition
Reserved
Granted
Concurrent |
|
|
Term
| What are reserved powers? |
|
Definition
| powers reserved for the state |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| expressed, enumerated, implied, delegated, and inherent - coin money - raise army and navy |
|
|
Term
| What are concurrent powers? |
|
Definition
| Powers held by the state and the national govt. |
|
|
Term
| What is the nullification doctrine? |
|
Definition
| any law that the state feels is unfair they did not have to follow it. |
|
|
Term
| What are the cons of federalism? |
|
Definition
importance of national standards
low visibility
lack of popular control
spillover effects and competition |
|
|
Term
| What are the pros of federalism? |
|
Definition
States'
diversity of needs
closeness to the people
innovation and experimentation. |
|
|
Term
| What was the nationals position in federalism agaisnt the states? |
|
Definition
the constitution formed by a compact with people to creat a national untion
preamble
article 1 section 8
artivle 6 |
|
|
Term
| What was the states position in federalism against the national govt.? |
|
Definition
constitution was created by a compact among states
states should be coequal with national govt.
dual federalism
article 4 seciton 3
tenth amendment |
|
|
Term
| what is the supremacy clause? |
|
Definition
| Article VI, Clause 2 of the United States Constitution, known as the Supremacy Clause, establishes the U.S. Constitution, Federal Statutes, and U.S. Treaties as "the supreme law of the land." The text decrees these to be the highest form of law in the U.S. legal system, and mandates that all state judges must follow federal law when a conflict arises between federal law and either the state constitution or state law of any state. |
|
|
Term
| what is the dred scott case? |
|
Definition
Dred Scott v. Sanford 1857
Dred Scott was about a slave who tried to get his freedom back. he was denied freedom because he is property and he remained a slave. |
|
|
Term
| impact of fedralism after civil war |
|
Definition
reconstruction amendments
13th 14th 15th
later 19th amendment |
|
|
Term
| What does the term layer cake mean? |
|
Definition
| in the changing of federalism it meant dual federalism with the separation of state powers and national powers. It has been sinced called marble cake meaning state and national powers are shared and they aslo have their own. |
|
|
Term
| What are types of grants from the fedearl govt. |
|
Definition
categorical
block
federal revenue sharing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| displacement of U.S. state law by U.S. Federal law |
|
|
Term
| since the 1930's the courts have a broad __________ of national powers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why was the declaration of independance a debate in the amendment process od the constitution? |
|
Definition
| it dailed to protect individual rights |
|
|
Term
| What are civil liberties? |
|
Definition
freedom os speech
right to bear arms
right to prvacy
right to a fair trial
right to marry
right to vote |
|
|
Term
| civil liverties in the constitution protected liberties by developing |
|
Definition
republican governemnt
separation of powers
checks and balances
federalism |
|
|
Term
| What was the contract clause |
|
Definition
| established by the marshall court (1802-1835) was used to protect unwarranted state action it expanded property rights |
|
|
Term
| What were property rights? |
|
Definition
| they were made to protect peoples property from the government |
|
|
Term
| How was the bill of rights nationalized? |
|
Definition
| it wasnt nationalized until the 20th century. it became applicable to the states through selective corporation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The section of the fourteenth amendment that prohibits states from depriving anyone of life, liberty, or property "without due process of law" a guarantee ahainst arbitrary or unfair govt. action.
Fair treatment through the normal judicial system, esp. as a citizen's entitlement. |
|
|
Term
| What three clauses the the 14th amendment made the states follow? |
|
Definition
citicenship clause
privliges and immunities clause
due process clause |
|
|
Term
| Discuss the New York Times v. United States case |
|
Definition
| aka the pentagon papers case |
|
|
Term
| definition of civil rights |
|
Definition
| legal areas providind the basic right to be free from unequal treatment based on certain protected characteristics (race, gender, disability, etc.) in settings such as employment, housing, and education. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Separate but equal created the jim crow laws |
|
|
Term
| Brown v. Board of Education |
|
Definition
overturned separate but equal
in topeka kansas |
|
|
Term
| When did the civil rights movement start? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the most effective tool used in the civil rights movement? |
|
Definition
| non violent civil disobedience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ended legal segregation in public accommodations and schools |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was created out of the civil rights movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1973
existance of a general right of a woman to decide to terminate a pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| core beliefs about the nature of human beings, society and the political order |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| beliefs about government policies, public officials, political parties and candidates |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the expression of political attitudes by prdinary people |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process by which individuals require political beliefs. |
|
|
Term
| Are the people of America fit to rule? |
|
Definition
Yes they are stable
opinions change and turn to be rational and understandable |
|
|
Term
| What did the framers believe news was for? |
|
Definition
| for communication and diliberation1 |
|
|
Term
| What are the tree roles of the media? |
|
Definition
1. Watchdog over the government
2. Clarifying electoral choices
3. Providing policy information |
|
|
Term
| Discuss the media being a watchdog over the govt. |
|
Definition
| press must be free to report news as is without censorship. meant to warn the public when something is going on |
|
|
Term
| Discuss the media's role in clarifying electoral choices. |
|
Definition
Tell the public what the parties stand for
tell the public about the candidates |
|
|
Term
| Discuss the medias role of providing policy information. |
|
Definition
| They report if current policies are working, what the pros and cons are and what alternative choiced there are. |
|
|
Term
| How has making the news more accesible to more people affected american govt. |
|
Definition
| It allows people who are not rich to access and get the information needed to come to a decision and vote. |
|
|
Term
| what are alternatives to mainstream media? |
|
Definition
internet sites
-news
-blogs
-podcasts |
|
|
Term
| How do news meedia become biased? |
|
Definition
| organizations become priavetly owned and they find the news source. Thy report issues and put a spin on topic so it benefits them. |
|
|
Term
| Why does the media tell certain stories |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are templates in the news media? |
|
Definition
| a generally agreed upon slant - public knows the idea of the big story, the point is to fill in the details |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Yes but
reporters are generally more liberal than the average american but the corporation that owns it is more conservative |
|
|
Term
| What are some themes and tendencies in the news? |
|
Definition
nationalism
economic system
negativity and scandal
infotainment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Appellants were charged with violating a statute preventing the distribution of advice to married couples regarding the prevention of conception. Appellants claimed that the statute violated the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Appellant was sentenced to death for murder. Appellant argued that the application of the death penalty in this case was cruel and unusual punishment. |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for the necessary and proper clause? |
|
Definition
| the elastic clasue - It gives Congress the power to pass any legislation "necessary and proper" in order to carry out the rest of the Constitution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tenth Amendment states the Constitution's principle of federalism by providing that powers not granted to the federal government nor prohibited to the States by the Constitution are reserved to the States or the people. |
|
|
Term
| What is the exclusionary rule |
|
Definition
| A law that prohibits the use of illegally obtained evidence in a criminal trial. |
|
|
Term
| Hurricane Katrina and its relation to federalism |
|
Definition
| during hurricane katrina the federal govt. and the state govt. did not operate liket they should have. the federal govt. really messed up by not helping as fast as they should. |
|
|
Term
| Is the right to provacy in the bill of rights? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of federalist nations? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| full faith and credit clause |
|
Definition
you cannot evade a state to escape debt. it follows you wherever you go.
that states within the United States have to respect the "public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of every other state." |
|
|
Term
| How did the civil war affect the state vs. nationalist position? |
|
Definition
| pre civil war the courts were under marshall and the view was very nationalistic. Even after the civil war the view was very nationalistic. in the 1990's the iew started to go towards the state |
|
|
Term
| What was the bill of rights original intent in regards to the states and national government? |
|
Definition
| Slow integration onto the states |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Imposed testing mandates on the states and increased prescription drug prices under medicare |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| also called the Three Prong Obscenity Test[1]), is the United States Supreme Court's test for determining whether speech or expression can be labeled obscene, in which case it is not protected by the First Amendment to the United States Constitution and can be prohibited. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is a warning given by police in the United States to criminal suspects in police custody (or in a custodial interrogation) before they are interrogated to preserve the admissibility of their statements against them in criminal proceedings. |
|
|
Term
| What did the proponets/opponents of affirmative action argue? |
|
Definition
proponets - impact of past discrimination is so pervasive, removing artificial barriersis not enough, U.S. diverse society requires tolerance and sense of community, those who are disadvantaged or discriminated against need successful role modelsin important societal institutions
Opponents- violates the american principle of individualism, reverses discrimination, main beneficiaries of affirmitive action are middle class, increases intergroup and interracial tension. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| favors more government regulation of business to protect the environemnt and consumers more progressive taxes and more programs to help low income Americans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| favors less govt. involvement in economy and society, leaving more to the private sector |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| favors the right to abortion more rights for gays and lesbians more civil rights protections for minorities, and separation of church and state. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| against abortion, supports traditional families and gender roles, favors more religious practices in public life |
|
|
Term
| How and why does public opinion change? |
|
Definition
race and etnicity
social class
region
education
gender
age
religion
partisanship |
|
|
Term
| What are the requlations on media outlets? |
|
Definition
| the govt. has the authority to make various technicaland substantive regulations on the electronic media if it wishes |
|
|
Term
| What does the FCC regulate and not regulate? |
|
Definition
Over the air electronic media - broadcast television and radio
cable and the internet are not regulated by the govt. |
|
|
Term
| The French philosopher Montesquieu believed that the best form of government was: |
|
Definition
| A mixed government with some elements fo democracy combined with other non-democratic elements. |
|
|
Term
| The three benchmarks to measure how democratic a society is are: popular sovereignty, political equality, and political liberty. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Bill of Rights always applied to the states and not just the national government |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fundamental principles of representative democracy include all of the following EXCEPT: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thomas Jefferson drew heavily from writers such as _____________when he wrote in the Declaration of independence that all men are created equal and endowed with certain unalienable rights. |
|
Definition
| Adam Smith and John Locke |
|
|
Term
| To win approval of the Constitution, supporters had to promise that they would: |
|
Definition
| Add a bill of rights to the document |
|
|
Term
| Shay’s Rebellion refers to: |
|
Definition
| Farmers in western Massachusetts fighting to keep the courts from foreclosing on their land |
|
|
Term
| Eighteenth-century republican principles included all of the following EXCEPT: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The central government created by the Articles of Confederation had the power to: |
|
Definition
| Make war and enter into peace treaties |
|
|
Term
| Under the Great Compromise, the delegates to the Constitutional Convention agreed to: |
|
Definition
| Create a bicameral legislature composed of a House and Senate |
|
|
Term
| Supporters of states’ rights are most likely to point to the ________________ of the Constitution to support their position. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to the authors of the text, the protection of individual liberty: |
|
Definition
| a foundational principle of both republicanism and democratic theory |
|
|
Term
| In their discussion of the Katrina disaster, the authors specifically fault the national government for: |
|
Definition
| o Not properly maintaining the levee system built to protect New Orleans from flooding |
|
|
Term
| Whether one state would have to recognize same-sex marriages that have been performed in another state will be determined by how the Courts choose to interpret the: |
|
Definition
| o Full faith and credit clause |
|
|
Term
| Article 1, Section 9 specifically prohibits Congress from passing: |
|
Definition
| o Bills of attainder or ex post facto laws |
|
|
Term
| At issue in the case of New York Times v. United States was the right of government to: |
|
Definition
| o Block publication of secret war documents |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following refers to the requirement that a person who is arrested must have a timely hearing before a judge? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Selective incorporation” refers to how the Supreme Court: |
|
Definition
| o Used the due process clause to extend coverage of economic freedoms |
|
|
Term
| surveying a relatively small group of people can provice a good estimate of the distribution of opinions throughout the whole country, provided that |
|
Definition
| each person in the country has an equal chance of being chosen to participate in the survey |
|
|
Term
| In Plesyy v. ferguson the court ruled that states could segregate people according to their race as lons as |
|
Definition
| the state provided each race with equal facilities |
|
|
Term
| Accoriding to the text, which of the following events significantly weaked public support for the war in vietnam? |
|
Definition
| the north vietnam tet offensive in early 1968 |
|
|
Term
| The only civil right originally guaranteed by the constitution was equal entitelment to |
|
Definition
| fair representation to congress |
|
|
Term
| Which of the following was not included in the civil war amendments? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The process by which people aquire their core political beliefs and attitudes? |
|
Definition
| the political attitudes of the public as a while |
|
|
Term
| what was the significance of the 1944 court ruling that race was a suspect classification? |
|
Definition
| any law treating people differently on the basis of race would be presumed to be unconstitutional |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A white student was denied admission into medical school despite having scores higher than minority student admitted into the school under a special quota system. |
|
|
