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Definition
| the view that youths engage in delinquent or criminal behavior due to aberrant physical or psychological trats that govern behavioral choices. Delinquent actions are impulsive or instinctual rather than rational choices. |
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Term
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Definition
| the view that youths are in charge of their own destinies and are free to make personal behavior choices unecumbered by enviromental factors. |
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| a person who belives that people weigh the benefits and consequences of their future actions before deciding on a course of behavior. |
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Definition
| holds that decisions to violate the law are weighed against possible punishments and to deter crime the pain of punishment must outweight the benefit of illegal gain. Led to graduated punishments based on seriousness of crime (let punishment fit the crime). |
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| Routine Activities Theory |
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Definition
| the view that crime is a normal function of the routine activtites of modern living. Offenses can be expected if there is a motiviated offender and a suitable target that is not protected by capable guardians. |
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Definition
| violent crimes against persons and crimes in which an offender attempts to steal an object directly from its holder |
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Term
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Definition
| crime control policie that depend on the fear of criminal penalties, such as long prision sentences for violent crimes. The aim is to convince law violators that the pain outweighs the benefit of criminal activity. |
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Definition
| commiting crimnal acts in groups |
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Definition
| sending convicted offenders to secure incarceration facilities so that punishment is severe enough to convince them not to repeat their criminal activity. |
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| Situational crime prevention |
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Definition
| a crime prevention method that relies on reducing the opportunity to commit criminal acts by making them more difficult to perform, reducing their reward, and increasing their risks. |
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Definition
| a particular location or address that is the site of repeated and frequent criminal activity |
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Definition
| a law enforcement operation that is designed to reduce oreliminate a particular criminal ativity through the application of aggressive police tatics, usually involving a larger than usual contingent of police officers. |
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Definition
| the idea that delinquents manifest physical anomalie that make them biologically and physiologically similar to our primitive ancestors, savage throwbacks to an earlier stage of human evolution. |
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Term
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Definition
| the view that both thought and behavior have biological and social bases |
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Term
| Minimal brain dysfunction |
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Definition
| damage to the brain itself that causes antisocial behavior injurious to the individual's lifetyle and social adjustment |
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Definition
| neurological dysfunctions that prevent an individual from learning his o her potential |
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Definition
| branch of psychology that holds that the human personality is controlled by unconscious mental processes developed early in childhood |
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Definition
| a psychological condition producing mood swings between wild elation and deep depression |
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Definition
| psychological state, identified by Erikson, in which youths face inner turmoil and uncertainty about life roles |
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Definition
| branch of psychology oncerned with the study of observable behavior rather than unconcious processes; focuses on particular stimuli and responses to them |
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Definition
| the view that behavior is modeled through observation either directly through initmate contact with others or indirectly through media. interactions that are rewarded are copied, whereas those that are punished are avoided. |
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Definition
| the branch of psychology that studies the perception of reality and the mental processes required to understand the world we live in. |
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Definition
| impulsive behavior without the ability to examine motives and behavior |
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Definition
| a personality trait marked by unfounded anxiety, tension, and emotional instability |
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Term
| Antisocial personality (also known as pyschopathic or sociopathic personality) |
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Definition
| a person lacking in warmth, exhibiting inappropriate behavior responses, and unable t learn from experience. The condition is defined by persistent violations of social norms, including lying, stealing, truancy, inconsistent work behavior, and traffic arrests |
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Term
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Definition
| the view that intelligence is inherited and is a function of genetic make up |
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Term
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Definition
| the view that intelligence is determined by enviromental stimulation and socialization |
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