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promoting appreciation of diverse cultures
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The media decision makers decides what information gets through to the audience and what is held back for us not to see
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They don’t tell us what to think but they organize what our main thoughts are, they show us what they want us to think about but not what side to take
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| changing the word choice or how the story is presented to change how the audience thinks about the subject |
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issues most salient to the audience
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Audience agenda reflects media agenda
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minoritygroups status: presence is minimal but noticed by majority group
majority group reaction: annoyance, fascination with differences between majority and minority
mainstream news about minority group: virtually no coverage; few stories that ridicule or exoticize minorites |
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minority groups status: percieved as "threat" to labor, economy, law and order, and women
majority group reaction: exclusion, segregation
mainstream news about minority group: Us vs. them imagery |
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Definition
minority groups status: statsu as "threat" intensifies
majority group reaction: confrontaion, racial violence
mainstream news about minority group: "moral panic" |
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| stereotpical news selection |
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Definition
minority groups status: permanent resident
majority group reaction: deire to restore racial "order"
mainstream news about minority group: images to reassure majority |
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minority groups status: full and fair integration
majoriy group reaction: acceptance
maintream news about minority group: fair and balanced |
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•Alternative news and opinions help minorities in three ways
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–Maintains cultural identity
–Creates/strengthens political identity
–Facilitates integration
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| Maintains Cultural Identity |
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Definition
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•History
•Language
•News from
home
•Accomplishments
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Creates/Strengthens
Political Identity |
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Definition
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•Expression of
goals
•Collective action
•Announcements
Political news |
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Facilitates Integration
(on their own terms) |
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Definition
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•Availability of
services
“How to” articles |
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| Sociopolitical definition of minorities |
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Definition
| people characterized by some combination of political oppression, economic exploitation, socialdiscrimination and cultural marginalization |
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| Numerical definition of minorities |
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Whites
Hispanics/Asian Americans
Blacks
(Arab Americans?)
(Native Americans?)
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3 features of the racial hierarchy
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–Homogenizes non-whites as “different”
–Hierarchical positions = superior-inferior
–Naturalizes hierarchical positions
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| The immigrants migrate to the dominant culture and once that happens the idea is that people will be happy |
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everyone keeps their cultural background but share a common language to interact with each other and share each others culture
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everyone retains their cultural background but do not share a common language so we simply live together but do not share language or culture
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| people stay in their sections and don’t interact with each other |
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Definition
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the 2 strategies for Coping with risks of production
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–Administrative strategies
–Content-based strategies
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| Administrative strategies |
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| the business side of the media production (the accountants, managers etc) including things like relying on people with track records, market research, hiring specialists to do certain tasks |
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Definition
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the creative side of the media productions ( the writers or actors) the tendency to cast known stars instead of unknown actors, telling the same type of story instead of branching off relies on stereotypes,
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| Consequence of using coping strategies |
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Definition
–Standardization of media products: predictable, repetitious, formulaic
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Great men- news is the way it is because the bigger than life personalities go into the news room and says “this is what you need to publish, this is what needs to go into the newscast” ex. Rupert Murdock
Media owners as a class- the idea that the media owners may not actually meet in smoke filled rooms and conspire, but that they don’t have to meet together because the owners of media, they already have common interests because of their financial class
Social recruitment- the idea that there is a certain type of individual that is drawn to the profession of journalism, it is the more progressive, liberal person who is attracted to that job
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Term
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“News is not the way it is because of individuals but by the news systems act certain ways as a whole”
News is an organizational product- discussions that occur in the systems are influenced by organizational trends and ideals
Journalists do not have complete autonomy- the company has certain ideas that the individuals are influenced by that and it directs their stories
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We all live in a context of history and cultural traditions, and those things shape our social relations including that that goes into making news products
Anthropological view- current news, is often classified and understood by reporters in the frame work of previous ways of thinking (i.e bringing up a previous war to help explain the current war)
Literary view- reporters think about news almost literally like literature like a story, in the sense that when they tell the story, there is a structure almost like fiction, it has characters it has plots and twists and has heros and villains, news almost becomes the structure of literature, there is deeper meaning in the story then the surface of the text
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Term
| Whats the power of advertising |
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Definition
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it has a great deal of influence on establishing public taste for products and styles and ideas
Conveys status for people
Advertising is one of the strongest cultural powers
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Term
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Definition
| creates a perception about the product, name brands are better sold than generic |
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| 3 models of minority representation |
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Definition
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–Equal representation
–Cultural attitudes
–Social reality
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Definition
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–Whites and minorities shown in same positions and situations
–Suggests equality but ignores cultural specifics
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•Cultural Attitudes Model
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–Reflects dominant group’s cultural attitudes of acceptance of minorities
•Secondary assimilation
•Primary assimilation
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Definition
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–Advertising reflects the full reality of ethnic
group life
Avoids symbolic racism |
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Term
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Definition
| the choice of labels or terms (the organizing idea) |
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Term
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Definition
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–the narrative determined by the choice of labels or terms (the storyline)
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•The expansion of denotative meanings of words so that their connotative meanings include racial implications
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| Ultimate Attribution Error |
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Definition
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–There are ingroups and outgroups
–We make inferences about people’s behavior based on their membership in ingroup/outgroup
–Inferences we make are biased in favor of our ingroups and against our outgroups
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| Making causal connections between physical characteristics and mental, psychological or physical abilities or propensities |
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| Behaviors that create/perpetuate racial stereotypes and/or racial inequality |
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Definition
| The establishment of comprehensive systems of race-based group privilege |
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Definition
| refusal to acknowledge that an act was racist |
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Term
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Definition
| admit to the act, but claim it was a result of loss of control (of language skills, temper, etc.), not racism |
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Definition
| admit to the act, but claim it was not intended to offend |
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Definition
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•Social construction view
•“Scientific” view
•Darwinian view
•Legalistic view
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Term
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Definition
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•Racial categories created through and for social interaction
•Racial categories based on perception of shared physical traits
•Assignment to racial categories based on perceived physical similarities is Racialization (1)
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•Science of genetics explains racial difference
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Term
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Definition
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differences among groups are
genetic, but not persistent and
permanent
•Geographic isolation accounts
for differences
•Mixing among groups would
eliminate differences in the long run
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Definition
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•Legal definitions of racial categories required as reliable indicators of social trends, guidelines for resource distribution, or management of populations
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–Flow of information
–Info has impact on thought and behavior
–Info is full of stereotypes
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•Stereotypes are cognitive shorthand
•Fixed mental impressions of people, places, groups, situations, how things work, etc.
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Definition
| ads showing a romantic interracial relationship |
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Definition
| ads show people of different races but they are not romanticaly involved |
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