Term
| Which of the following is true from findings in the First Amendment Center's annual survey? |
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Definition
| That a sizeable majority disagreed with the Supreme Court's ruling in the Citizen's United States. |
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Term
| Ethics often is over-simplified as a choice between. . . . |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following pairs represent two main types of ethics? |
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Definition
| Theoretical and Applied . |
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Term
| The three types of ethical theories include: |
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Definition
| Teleogical, Deontological, and Virture. |
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Term
| Medis ethics is becoming more and more complicated by a move from professional practice to which of the following? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is one of the most ethically crucial developments from traditional journalism to new media journalism? |
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Definition
| More anonymity chews up credibility. |
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Term
| Which of the following pairs represents how news operations will be layered in the new media enviroment? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT one of the concerns associated with the use of digital image technology? |
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Definition
| The ease of carrying new devices is NOT a concern associated with the use of digital image technology. |
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Term
| The reason that political candidates can lie during a campaign is because thier speech is considered to be which of the following? |
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Definition
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Term
| The only absolute defense in a libel suite is which of the following? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most ethicists agree that the most defensible position for media professionals is which of the following? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ethicists says our culture of talking has turned into. . . |
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Definition
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Term
| Ethicists say journalists must struggle with . . . |
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Definition
| weighing privacy against necessity. |
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Term
| Ethically (but not legally) a public person should be able to expect privacy . . . |
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Definition
| while recieving medical treatment. |
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Term
| Ethicists advise journalists not to secretly record without which of the following? |
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Definition
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Term
| The practice of surprising a souce for an interview without prior notice is known as . . . |
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Definition
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Term
| Ethicists note that the "right to privacy" as only been recognized for. . . |
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Definition
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Term
| The university confronting privacy issues in tech-heavy teaching experiments is. . |
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Definition
| Arizona State University. |
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Term
| The federal govenment exercises exclusive jurisdiction over. . . |
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Definition
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Term
| Lawsuits conserning federal constituional rights may be adjudicated in . . |
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Definition
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Term
| The final arbiter on all legal questions involving the U.S. Constituion is the. . |
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Definition
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Term
| The main trial court in the fedeal system is called the. . |
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Definition
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Term
| The United States is composed of how many soverign legal systems? |
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Definition
| 51 - One in each state, each with it's own legislature and court system, and one federal system. |
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Term
| The federal and state judicial systems consists of two basic kind of courts - |
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Definition
| Trial and Appellate Courts |
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Term
| Under the doctrine of judicial review, it is the role of eafch state court system to interpret. . |
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Definition
| the Constituion in their jurisdiction. |
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Term
| Legal rules conceived and fostered independently by the courts are known as. . . |
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Definition
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Term
| The usual remedy sought in a civil lawsuit is. . . |
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Definition
| Settlement - compensation in the form of money. |
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Term
| The party who initiates a civil lawsuit is called the . . |
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Definition
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Term
| When there is no contested issue of face, a judge may end a case prior to trial by granting a motion for. . . |
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Definition
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Term
| An appealing party is referred to as the. . |
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Definition
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Term
| Each year the U.S. Supreme Court receives several thousand requests for review. Of these, the Court actually decides about how many cases? |
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Definition
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Term
| Promoting ill opinions of government in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was often known as .. . |
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Definition
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Term
| One of the first published arguments in favor of press freedom was made bhy the poet John Milton in his book tiltled. . . |
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Definition
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Term
| What is true about the First Amendment? |
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Definition
| Communication of ideas is protected, conduct is not. |
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Term
| _______ has been deemed to be within the guarantee of the First Amendment, though it is not protected as most other forms of expression. |
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Definition
| Symbolic Speech/Expressive Conduct |
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Term
| What was the most important case to formalize the doctrine against prior restraint? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Prior restraints can arise through . . . |
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Definition
| licensing schemes and informal coercion. |
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Term
| Legitimate time, place and manner restrictions. . . |
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Definition
| must bhe content neutral. |
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Term
| The difference between law and ethics often is decribed as. . |
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Definition
| the differende between SHOULD do versus what you CAN/CANNOT DO. |
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Term
| Generally speaking, which of these government actions is most likely to be upheld as constitutional? |
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Definition
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Term
| In the Citizens United Case, the Supreme Court ruled . . . |
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Definition
| corporations are the same as private citizens. |
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Term
| The U.S. Supreme Court firs tbegan to interpret the scope of the First Amendment in suppression acts during. . . |
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Definition
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Term
| The Citizens United case emerged from a movie about. . |
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Definition
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Term
| What First Amendment standard emerged out of Schenck vs. United States? |
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Definition
| The Clear and Present Danger Standard. |
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Term
| In Brandenburg vs. Ohio in the Supreme Court held that speech remains protected until it is likely to . . |
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Definition
| incite imminent unlawful action. |
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Term
| In the Pentagon Papers case the New York Times and the Washington Post printed excerpts from a document that was classified. |
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Definition
| FALSE - it was a historical document. |
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Term
What message came out of the Pentagon Papers case?
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Definition
| The case had not met the Clear and Present Danger Standard. Government carries a heavy burden to justify prior restraints on speech. The Pentagon Papers were a historical document not a classified document, and it reinforced the Near vs. Minnesota thinking. |
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Term
| Who was the sociologist who devolped the concept of "enduring values?" |
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Definition
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Term
| What similarity exists between the Pentagon Papers case and the H-bomb CASE (U.S. vs. Progressive)? |
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Definition
| No attempt was made to prosecute the media following the publication. |
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Term
| What are the condistions for invading te privacy of politicians? |
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Definition
- Placed in larger context of history
- Evidence linked to political behavior
-Must meet "need-to-know"
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Term
| In the H-bomb case, the magazine alleged that all information in the article was obtained from the . . . |
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Definition
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Term
| In most traditional kinds of personal injury cases, the legal basis for a lawsuit is that the defendent acted with . . |
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Definition
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Term
| In media ethics, deception is permitted. (True/False) |
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Definition
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Term
| Why are the so-called Pied Piper particularly troublesome for mass communicators? |
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Definition
| Because the imitation typically was not an intended result. |
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Term
| In Zamora v. Columbia Broadcasting System plaintiffs alleged that the defendants should be liable for. . |
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Definition
| negligent excessive broadcasts of violence. |
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Term
| The primary factor in ethical decision-making is |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ may be defined as a false statement of fact that is disseminated about a person and tends to injure that person's reputation. |
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Definition
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Term
| The U.S. Supreme Court first injected constitutional standards into defamation law in 1964, in the landmark case of. . . |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| Any living person or business. |
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Term
| How false mmust a communicator's statement be in order for a libel plaintiff to win a lawsuit? |
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Definition
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Term
| In a libel lawsuit, "publication" occurs when defamatory statements are communicated to at least one other person..the.. |
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Definition
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Term
| The statute of limitations for libel claims, dpeending on the state, ranges between. . |
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Definition
| six months and three years. |
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Term
| What is thebasic theory behind appropriation law? |
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Definition
| Individuals alone should have the right to the marketing/exploitation of their personages. |
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Term
| If a poto consent form is signed gratuitously - without compensation - this means. . . |
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Definition
| Consent may be legally withdrawn at tany reasonable time prior to publication . |
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Term
| How is the tort of disclosure of private facts different from libel? |
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Definition
| The false-light tort aims to compensate the individual for personal embarrassment and anguish, not for damage to reputation. |
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Term
| Events that occur in public view almost always can be considered. . . |
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Definition
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Term
| The branch of invasion of privacy known as intrusion occurs during. . |
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Definition
| the information gathering process. |
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Term
| Plaintiffs rarely win intrusion cases because. . . |
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Definition
| the law will ask: "Was the individual in a place where he/;she could reasonably expect privacy?" A reasonable expectation of privacy cant exist in public places. |
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Term
| The use of which of the following ehtical theories is the most dangerous on which to base a decision? |
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Definition
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Term
| It is possible for a story, ad, or press release to have all facts correct and still be wrong? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following best describes the difference between law and ethics? |
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Definition
| Law sets a bottom line, a minimal standard. Under the Law, you have the right to publish . Ethics set a moral benchmark, an idla behavior level. In ethis, you hav the obligation to publish the truth. |
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Term
| The most important factor in ethics is which of the following? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Categorical Imperative is best described by which of the following? |
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Definition
| Emmanuel Kant's Rule-based theory - "a rule is a rule is a rule." |
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Term
| The most important attainable goal in ehics is which of the following? |
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Definition
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Term
| Generally, the First Amendment recognizes the public's right to know. |
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Definition
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Term
| The word ethics is connected intrinsically to questions of: |
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Definition
| correct conduct within society. |
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Term
| In most cases, content restrictions on protected expressions can be upheld only if. . . |
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Definition
1. It is narrowly tailored to serve a compelling state interest.
2. It is the "least restrictive means to further the articulated interest." |
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Term
| Sometimes there is implied consent to enter private property, usnd the legal doctrine of. . |
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Definition
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Term
| When plaintiffs in trespass cases are unable to show they were actually harmed, courts have traditionally awarded. . . |
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Definition
| Nominal damages to the plaintiff, usually a dollar amount. |
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Term
| In two recent Surpreme Court cases, Wilson v. Layne and Hanlon v. Berger, law enforcement officers brought media along during residential searches. The Court said the government could be liable for. . . |
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Definition
| Unreasonable government searches and seizures. |
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Term
| When photographers trespass, do landowners have the immediate legal right to confiscate any film that was shot while trespassing? |
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Definition
| -No, the act of trespass does not give property owners a right to your property. |
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Term
| When members of the media are welcomed upon privately controlled property, |
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Definition
| The consent does not necessarily extend to the full range of newsgathering activities, such as photography and taping. |
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Term
| At the scenes of accidents, crimes, and natural diasters, newspeople in all states have a legal right to. . . |
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Definition
| None of the above. A press pass may be issued to grant access but it not required by law to grant access; a law in California states news peple can cross police lines but that law is interpreted narrowly and don't apply to all states. |
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Term
| When government voluntarily opens it's facilities to the general public, it generally may. . . |
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Definition
| Not single out the media or certain members for exclusion. |
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Term
| State open- meeting laws require not only that meetings be conducted openly, but also that |
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Definition
| the agencies must provide advance public notice of their meetings. |
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Term
| The state open-meeting laws apply |
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Definition
| to public bodies and the committees they appoint as well. The agencies must provide advance public notice of their meetings. |
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Term
| Whether a "meeting" is taking place is determined by. . . |
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Definition
- The notice-and-agenda requirments
- Number of members present and the nature of the discussion |
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Term
| The federal Sunshine Act applies only to. . . |
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Definition
| Executive Branch (excluding the White House staff) |
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Term
| The FOIA specifies how many disclosure exemptions that government may use to keep documents. . |
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Definition
|
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Term
| According to the Freedom of Information Act, how much time does the Navy have to respond your document request? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| If you wanted to appeal the Navy's initial refusal of your FOI request, you would first appeal to: |
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Definition
| - The Federal District Court |
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Term
| The use of which of the following ethical theories is th most dangerous on which to base a decision: |
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Definition
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Term
| It Which of the following best describes the difference between law and ethics? |
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Definition
| Law sets a bottom line, a minimal standardd - right to publish. |
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Term
| Practicing deception requires which of the following? |
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Definition
- Profound importance
- No other alternatives
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Term
Which of the following is the optimum level of decision-making?
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Definition
-impact of credibility
- consequences
-motives
- |
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Term
| Lying is inextricably linked to which of the following? |
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Definition
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