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Definition
| Display of how something is done or how it works |
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Definition
| Something that can be seen or touched |
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| Copy of an object, usually built to scale that represents an object in detail |
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Definition
| Explain your plan, state who will enforce the plan, discuss funding |
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Definition
Title
Specific purpose statement:
Thesis:
Pattern of organization:
Intro
Body
Conclusion |
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Term
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Definition
| Competence, collaboration, control, common sense |
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Term
| Problem Solution Organizaiton |
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Definition
| Pattern that focuses on persuading an audience that a specific problem exists and can be solved or minimized by a specific solution |
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Term
| Problem-cause-solution organization |
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Definition
| Pattern that focuses on identifying the problem, the cause of that problem and a solution for the problem |
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Definition
| A general explanation of the problem, population that is effected by the problem, severity of the problem, dangers involved if the problem is not fixed |
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Definition
| Argument that introduces irrelevant info to distract an audience form the real issue |
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Definition
| Argument in which a speaker claims our options are either A or B when actually more than 2 |
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Definition
| argument that something is correct or good because everyone else agrees or is doing it |
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Definition
| argument in which a speaker attacks a person rather than that person argument |
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Definition
| argument that seems valid but is flawed because of unsound evidence or reasoning |
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Definition
| Interrelated set if beliefs, attitudes, values and feelings held by members of a particular society or culture |
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Definition
| Audience's perception of a speakers competence and character |
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Definition
| Avoid false causes, avoid assuming event has only one cause, cite supporting evidence to strengthen cause/effect relationship |
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Definition
| Audience's view of a speakers intelligence, expertise and knowledge of a subject |
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Definition
| Error in reasoning in which a speaker assumes that one event caused another simply because the ist event happened before the second |
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Definition
| a process of reasoning by way of comparison and similarity that implies that because two things resemble each other in one respect, they also share similarities in another respect |
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Definition
| Process of reasoning that assumes something exists or will happen based on something else that exists or has happened |
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Definition
| Something that represents something else |
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Definition
| Broad generalization about an entire group based in limited knowledge or exposure to only certain members of that group |
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Definition
| Belief that our own cultural perspectives, norms and ways of organizing society are superior to others |
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Definition
| Audience view of a speakers intelligence, expertise, and knowledge of a subject |
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Definition
| Person's idea of what is real or true or not |
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Term
| Demographic audience analysis |
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Definition
| Analysis that identifies the particular population traits of an audience |
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Term
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Definition
| question that allows the respondent to answer in an unrestricted way |
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Term
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Definition
| question that requires the respondent to chose an answer from two or more alternatives |
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Definition
| Logical outcome of an argument that results from the combination of major and minor premises |
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Term
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Definition
| Claim in an argument that states a specific instants linked to the major premise |
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Term
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Definition
| Claim in an argument that states a familiar commonly accepted belief |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of reasoning that uses a familiar and commonly accepted claim to establish the truth of a very specific claim |
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Definition
| Error in reasoning in which a speaker reaches a conclusion without enough evidence to support it |
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Term
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Definition
| Process if reasoning that uses specific instances or examples to make a claim about a general conclusion |
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Term
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Definition
| Set of statements that allows you to develop your evidence to establish the validity of your claim |
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Term
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Definition
| Mental leaps we make when we recognize that a speakers evidence supports his or her claim |
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Term
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Definition
Emotional appeals made by a speaker
3rd of Aristotle's 3 types of proof |
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Term
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Definition
Speakers credibility
2nd of Aristotle's 3 types of proof |
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Term
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Definition
Logical arrangement of evidence in a speech
1st of Aristotle's three types of proof |
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Term
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Definition
-Ethical and adds credibility
-give credit to others
-specific info about source
-deliver info accurately
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Term
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Definition
| Subject meaning of a word of phase based in experiences and beliefs |
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Term
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Definition
| objective meaning of a word or phase you find in the dictionary |
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Term
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Definition
| statement of the exact meaning of a word or phrase |
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Term
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Definition
| having a fair, ethical and undistorted view on a question or issue |
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Term
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Definition
| unreasoned distortion of judgement or prejudice about a topic |
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Term
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Definition
| your own opinions or observations that you use to convey your point |
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Term
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Definition
| opinions or observations of someone who has firsthand knowledge of a topic |
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Term
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Definition
| opinions or observations of someone considered an authority in a particular field |
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Term
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Definition
| summary of another's testimony in the speakers own words |
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Term
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Definition
| exat word-for-word presentation for another's testimony |
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Term
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Definition
| opinions and observations of others |
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Term
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Definition
| number that occurs most often in a set of numbers |
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Term
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Definition
| average of a group of numbers |
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Term
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Definition
| middle number in a series or set of numbers arranged in a ranked order |
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Term
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Definition
| numerical summaries of facts, figures and research finding |
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Term
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Definition
| process in which stories reference other stories or rely on parts of other stories to be complete |
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Term
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Definition
| longer story that makes an evolving connection with a broader point |
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Term
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Definition
| short story that illustrates a specific point |
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Term
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Definition
| story that recounts or foretells real or hypothetical events |
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Term
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Definition
| instance that did not take place but could have |
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Term
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Definition
| instance that actually took place |
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Term
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Definition
| specific instance used to illustrate a concept, experience issue or problem |
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Term
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Definition
| materials that speakers use to support their ideas |
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Term
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Definition
| assertion that must be proved |
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Term
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Definition
| list all the potential sources you'll use as you prepare your speech |
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Term
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Definition
| persenting select portions from a single speech as your own |
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Term
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Definition
| stealing an entire speech from a single source and presenting it as your own |
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Term
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Definition
| constructing a complete speech that you present as your own from portions of several different sources |
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Term
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Definition
| presenting another person's words and ideas as your own |
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Term
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Definition
| question that fills out or follows up an answer to a previous question |
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Term
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Definition
| planned interaction with another person that is organized around inquiry and response with one person asking questions while the other person answers them |
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Term
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Definition
| alphabetical listing of the topics discussed in a specific publication along with the corresponding year, volume and page number |
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Term
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Definition
| summary of the text in an article or publication |
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Term
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Definition
| database that indexes the complete text of newspaper, periodicals, encylopedias, research, reports, court cases, and books |
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Term
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Definition
| database that indexes publishing data for books, periodical article, government reports, stats, research, conference proceedings and dissertations |
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Term
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Definition
| collection of info stored electronically so they are easy to find a retrieve |
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Term
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Definition
| words you can use to create specific phrases that broaden or narrow your search on the internet |
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Term
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Definition
| list of types of info you have for your speech and types you want to find |
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Term
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Definition
| time and place in which a speaker will speak |
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Term
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Definition
| trying to see and understand the world as another person does |
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Term
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Definition
| they might prefer not to be present |
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Term
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Definition
| they have chosen to be present |
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Term
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Definition
| person's idea of what is good, worthy, or important |
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Term
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Definition
| general positive or negative feelings a person has about something |
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Term
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Definition
| perspective from which a person views and evaluates society |
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Term
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Definition
| significant positions occupied by a person within that affect that person identity in almost social situations |
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Term
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Definition
| acknowledging your audience by considering and listening to the unique, diverse and common perspectives of its members before during and after your speech |
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Term
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Definition
| interaction, connection and exchange of ideas and opinions with others |
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Term
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Definition
| statement that summarizes in a single declaration sentences the main ideas, assumptions or arguments you want to express in your speech |
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Term
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Definition
| actions a speakers wants the audience to take at the end of a speech |
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Term
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Definition
| focused statement that identifies exactly what a speaker wants to accomplish with a speech |
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Term
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Definition
| speech's broad goal: to inform, invite, persuade, introduce, commemorative or accept |
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Term
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Definition
| process of generating ideas randomly and uncritically, without attention to logic, corrections or relevance |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| audience who are uninterested, distracted, disruptive, confused, plan their responses rather than listen |
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Term
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Definition
| listener who listens for the accuracy of a speech content and the implications of a speakers message |
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Term
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Definition
| listener who considers the moral impact of a speaker's message on ones self and ones in the community |
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Term
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Definition
| listener who overcomes listener interference to better understand a speakers message |
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Term
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Definition
| extra words that pad sentences and claims but don'e add meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| practice of high lighting a person's race or ethnicity during a speech |
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Term
| culturally inclusive language |
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Definition
| language that respectfully recognizes that differences among the many cultures in our society |
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Term
| gender inclusive language |
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Definition
| language recognizes that both women and men are active participants in the world |
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Term
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Definition
| word or phrase that substitutes an agreeable or inoffensive expression for one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant |
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Definition
| local or regional informal dialect or expression |
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Term
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Definition
| informal nonstandard vocabulary usually made up of a arbitrary changed words |
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Term
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Definition
| technical language used by a special group or for a special activity |
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Definition
| speech that eases the audiences burden of processing information |
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Term
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Definition
| speech that is considerate and delivered in an oral style |
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Term
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Definition
| anything that stops or hinders a listener from receiving a message |
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Term
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Definition
| process if giving thoughtful attention to another persons words and understanding what you hear |
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Term
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Definition
| vibration of sound waves on our eardrum and the impulses then sent to the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| to recognize, acknowledge and express value for another person |
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Term
| systematic desensitization |
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Definition
| technique fo reducing anxiety that involves teaching your body to feel calm and relaxed rather than fearful during your speeches |
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Term
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Definition
| process that helps reduce anxiety by replacing negative thoughts with positive ones called affirmations |
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Term
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Definition
| positive, motivating statements that replace negative self-talk |
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Term
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Definition
| process in which you construct a mental image of yourself giving a successful speech |
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Term
| public speaking anxiety (PSA) |
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Definition
| anxiety we feel when we learn we have to give a speech or take a public speaking course |
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Term
| state or situational anxiety |
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Definition
| apprehension about communication with others ina particular situation |
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Term
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Definition
| apprehension about communicating with others in any situation |
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Term
| communication apprehension |
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Definition
| level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons |
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Term
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Definition
| guidelines of managing your voice, gestures, posture, facial expressions and presentational aids as you give your speech |
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Term
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Definition
| guidelines for your efforts to rehearse a speech and the ways you prompt yourself to remember the speech as you give it |
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Term
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Definition
guidelines for ordering the ideas in a speech
(introduction, body, conclusion) |
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Term
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Definition
guidelines for generating effective content for a speech
(audience, topic, purpose, main points, supporting material) |
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Term
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Definition
| authoritative list, an accepted principle or rule, or an established standard of judgement |
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Term
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Definition
| speaking to give presentation to a small collection of individuals or speaking as part of a small group of people |
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Term
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Definition
| speech that communicates gratitude, appreciation and pleasure at receiving an honor or a gift in recognition of an accomplisment |
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Term
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Definition
| speech that praises, honors recognizes or pays tribute to a person and event and idea or an institution |
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Term
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Definition
| speech that gives an audience a compelling perspective on the speaker or another person that welcomes that audiences to an event or familiarizes them with it |
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Term
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Definition
| speech whose message attempts to change or reinforce an audiences thoughts, feelings or actions |
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Term
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Definition
| speech that allows the speaker to establishment a dialogue with an audience to clarify positions, explore issues and ideas or share beliefs and valves |
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Term
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Definition
| speech that communicates knowledge and understanding about a process and event a person or place an object or a concept |
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Term
| why speak in public setting? |
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Definition
-we decide to speak on matters of importance
-we are asked to speak about our experiences and expertise
-we are required to speak in class or at work |
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Term
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Definition
| verbal and nonverbal signals and audiences gives a speaker |
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Term
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Definition
| environment or situation in which a speech occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| anything that interferes with understanding the message being communicated |
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Term
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Definition
| means by which the message is conveyed |
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Term
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Definition
| complex and varied group of people the speaker addresses |
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Term
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Definition
| translating words, sounds, and gestures into ideas and feelings in an attempt to understanding the message |
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Term
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Definition
| translating ideas and feelings into words, sounds and gestures |
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Term
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Definition
| info conveyed by the speaker to the audience |
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Term
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Definition
| person who stimulates public dialogue by delivering an oral message |
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Term
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Definition
| considerate of the positions, beliefs, values and needs of and audience |
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Term
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Definition
| creates community, is audience centered and encourage ethical dialogue |
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Term
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Definition
| communication generated by media organization that designed to reach large audiences |
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Term
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Definition
| communication in which one person gives a speech to other people, must often in a public setting |
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Term
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Definition
| communication among members of a team or a collective about topics such as goals, strategies and conflict |
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Term
| interpersonal communciation |
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Definition
| communication with other people that ranges from the highly personal to the highly impersonal |
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Term
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Definition
| communication with ourselves via the dialogue that goes on in our heads |
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Term
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Definition
| speaker who considers the moral impact of his or her ideas and arguments on others when involved in the public dialogue |
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Term
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Definition
| ethical and civil exchange of ideas and opinions among communities about topics that affect the public |
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Term
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Definition
| care and concern for others |
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Term
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Definition
| use of space during communication |
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Term
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Definition
| pauses that are filled with um, or, uh |
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Term
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Definition
| manipulation of pitch to create certain meanings or moods |
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Term
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Definition
| changes in the volume, rate and pitch of a speakers voice that affect the meaning of the words delivered |
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Term
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Definition
| speech that has been written out, committed to memory and given word for word |
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Term
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Definition
| speech that is read to and audience from a written text |
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Term
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Definition
| speech that is not planned or prepared in any advance |
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Term
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Definition
| speaking style that is more informal than everyday conservation bet remains spontaneous and relaxed |
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Term
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Definition
| speech that is carefully prepared and practiced from brief hated rather than from memory or a written manuscript |
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Term
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Definition
| action and manner of speaking to an audience |
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Term
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Definition
| placement or words and phrases in contrast or opposition to one another |
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Term
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Definition
| verbal device that makes info easier to remember |
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Term
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Definition
| repetition if initial of two or more words in a sentence or phase |
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Term
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Definition
| repeating keywords or phrases at the beginning or endings of sentences or closures to create rhyme |
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Term
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Definition
| arrangement of related words so they are balanced or of related sentences so the have identical structures |
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Term
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Definition
| arrangements of words into patterns so that the sounds of words together enhance the meaning of a phrase |
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Term
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Definition
| figurer of speech that attributes human characteristics to animals and objects or concepts |
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Term
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Definition
| figures of speech that makes an explicit comparison of two things using like or as |
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Term
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Definition
| metaphor that makes a illogical comparisons between two or more things |
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Term
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Definition
| comparing two things without using like or as |
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Term
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Definition
| style that reflects the spoken rather than the written |
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Term
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Definition
| fixed distinctive expression who's meaning is not indicated by its individual words |
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Term
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Definition
| language that refers to ideas or concepts but not to specific objects |
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Term
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Definition
language that refers to a tangible object
ex: a person, place or thing |
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Term
| semantic triangle of meaning |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| summarize main points, answer introductory questions, refer back to info, recite a quote |
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Term
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Definition
| brief overview in the intro of a speech of each of the main points in a speech |
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Term
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Definition
| catch audiences attention, reveal topics of speech, establish credibility, and preview speech |
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Term
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Definition
| condensed form of a preparation outline used to help a speaker remember his or her ideas when speaking |
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Term
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Definition
| process of ranking ideas in order from the most to the least important |
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Term
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Definition
| process of arranging points into successive levels with points on a specific level having equal importance |
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Term
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Definition
| point in the speech that develops an aspect of a subpoint |
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Term
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Definition
| point in a speech that develops an aspect of a main point |
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Term
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Definition
| detailed outline a speaker builds when preparing a speech |
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Definition
| a statement in the body that summarizes a point a speaker has already discussed |
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Term
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Definition
| statement in body of a speech that details what the speaker plans to discuss next |
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Definition
| phase that indicates a speaker is finished with one idea and moving on to a new one |
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Term
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Definition
| word or phase used to link ideas in a speech |
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Term
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Definition
| pattern of organization that allows the speaker to divide topics into subtopics |
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Term
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Definition
| pattern of organization that identifies a specific problem and offers a possible solution |
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Term
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Definition
| pattern of organization that describes a cause and effect relationship between ideas |
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Term
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Definition
| pattern of organization that takes a sequence of events or ideas |
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Term
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Definition
| patterns of organization in which ideas are arranged in terms of location and direction |
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Term
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Definition
| most important ideas you address in your speech |
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Term
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Definition
| systematic arrangement of ideas into coherent whole |
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Term
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Definition
| audiences view of a speakers sincerity, trustworthiness, and concern for the well being of the audience |
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