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| Study of motion in the human body |
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| Connected by dense irregular CT |
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| Connected by some form of cartilage |
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| Joint incorporating a lubricated cavity (synovial cavity) |
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| Dense regular or irregular CT binding one bone to another |
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| Suture, Syndesmosis, Interosseous Membrane |
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| Fibrous joint composed of dense irregular CT. Only present between bones in the skull |
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| Suture that fuses during growth into a bone (e.g. frontal suture that usually fuses in children around age 6) |
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| Fibrous joint arranged in a ligament fashion |
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| Also Dentoalveolar joint; cone-shaped peg fitting into a socket. Teeth are only human example. |
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| Substantial sheet of dense irregular CT that binds neighboring long bones (e.g. radius/ulna) |
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| Cartilaginous Joint Types |
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| Immovable cartilaginous joint in which CT is hyaline cartilage |
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| Connected bones are covered in hyaline cartilage, but connected in joint by fibrocartilage |
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| Synovial joint (major components) |
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Definition
| Synovial fluid, Articular capsule (fibrous and synovial membranes) |
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| Extracapsular and intracapsular (e.g. collateral and cruciate ligaments of knee joint) |
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| Fibrocartilaginous lip that extends from the edge of the joint socket |
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| Similar to joint capsules, composed of fibrous/synovial membranes |
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| Tubelike bursa wrapped around tendons where they pass through fibro-osseous tunnels |
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| Plane, Hinge, Pivot, Condyloid, Saddle, Ball-and-Socket |
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| Biaxial/Triaxial; Flat or slightly curved, allow side-to-side and back-and-forth movement (e.g. intercarpal joints in wrist, sternoclavicular joint) |
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| Uniaxial; Convex to concave articulation allows angular motion (e.g. elbow, ankle, interphalangeal joints) |
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| Uniaxial; Allows longitudinal rotation only (e.g. atlantoaxial or radioulnar joints) |
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| Biaxial; Also ellipsoidal joint (e.g. metacarpophalangeal [MCP] or radiocarpal joint) |
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| Biaxial; Like a rider sitting in a saddle (e.g. carpometacarpal joint) |
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| Triaxial; Ball-like surface fitting into a cuplike depression (e.g. hip and shoulder joints) |
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| Types of Movement in Synovial Joints |
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Definition
| Gliding, Angular, Rotation, Special |
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| Side-to-side and back-and-forth motion of limited range |
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| Significant change in angle between articulating bones: flexion, extension, lateral flexion, hyperextension, abduction, adduction, circumduction |
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Definition
| Revolution of a bone around its own longitudinal axis |
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| Types of Special Motion in Synovial Joints |
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| Elevation/Depression, Protraction/Retraction, Inversion/Eversion, Dorsiflexion/Plantar flexion, Supination/Pronation, Opposition |
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