Term
| What is the instructional cycle a teacher goes through when planning curriculum? |
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Definition
| Teacher enters the classroom with a planned curriculum, analyzes the plan in terms of individual students being taught, and adjusts it to fit the individual students (ability, interests, motivations, and relevance). |
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Term
| What does "coloring" the curriculum mean? |
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Definition
| The teacher selecting the content, media, grouping, pacing, and evaluation options. |
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Term
| What is the six-step cycle of instructional delivery? |
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Definition
1. Determine teaching tasks and student outcomes
2. Match objectives to student abilities
3. Design instructional process
4. Deliver planned curriculum
5. Use feedback to analyze curriculum and instruction
6. Adjust instructional delivery |
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Term
| What are some different method options for instruction teachers have? |
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Definition
| Comparative analysis, conferences, demonstration, diagnosis, direct observation, discussion, drill, experimentation, field experience, field trips, group work, laboratory experience, lecture, manipulative and tactile activity, modeling and imitation, problem solving, programmed instruction, computer-assisted instruction |
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Term
| What are some questions teachers may want to ask themselves during the preparatory phase? |
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Definition
1. What am I expected to teach?
2. To whom am I teaching the curriculum?
3. What is the expected outcome or product of my teaching?
4. How can my classroom be best organized to reach student outcomes?
5. What can I do to get my students to learn in the intended manner?
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Term
| What are the two levels of planning? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a teacher's learning theory? |
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Definition
| Teachers enter the room with a set of assumptions about how learning occurs and based on these assumptions, plan instruction. |
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Term
| What are the basic ideas of the Behavioral learning approach? |
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Definition
- classroom from external standpoint
- learning comes from what teacher does to student
- student neutral
- direct instruction or mastery learning
- teacher control in the room is absolute
- Skinner
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Term
| What are basic concepts of the developmental learning theory? |
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Definition
- focuses instruction on needs of developmental stages of student growth
- teacher presents predetermined and structured curriculum
- student motivation comes from trying to fulfill tasks of growing up
- Piaget
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Term
| What are some key concepts of the perceptual learning theory? |
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Definition
- student is key to learning
- students filter input from teacher through previous knowledge
- classroom climate is important
- students learn without teacher with technology
- Rogers
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Term
| What are some strategies for teaching with a cognitive focus? |
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Definition
- linking new information to prior knowledge
- restructuring student background knowledge
- teaching students how to learn
- establishing motivation toward a goal
- teaching students to use existing knowledge
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Term
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Definition
| awareness of one's mental processes (thinking about thinking) |
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Term
| What are some things that have impacted elementary schools in the first part of the 21st century? |
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Definition
| No Child Left Behind, emphasis on literacy and testing, standards-based-curriculum, and immigration of non-English speaking students |
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Term
| Who has control of schools? How? |
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Definition
| States have control of schools granted by the federal Constitution and lack of national education system. |
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Term
| Why were early elementary schools established? |
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Definition
- Religious purposes
- Support for new American political system
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Term
| What is the curriculum of elementary schools organized around? |
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Definition
| Bases of knowledge, needs of society, and human learning and development |
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Term
| What are some of the differences between whole language versus phonics instruction? |
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Definition
phonics- explicit decoding instruction, basic-skills instruction, builds on a series of basic steps that introduce to fundamental skills
whole language- learn to read naturally, choose own books and construct meaning from own experiences, sound out words in context, and decipher words using syntactical clues |
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Term
| What are some of the major focuses of language arts curriculum in elementary school? |
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Definition
| Reading, spelling, and writing |
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Term
| What are some of the approaches of teaching math in the elementary school? |
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Definition
| Cooperative learning, themes and real-life problems, use of group grading on cooperative assignments. |
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Term
| What do students learn in science classrooms in the elementary school? |
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Definition
| scientific concepts, principles, generalizations, and inquiry-based assignments |
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Term
| What do social studies classes in the elementary schools focus on? |
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Definition
| interaction of people with each other and their environment, critical thinking, civic responsibility, self-concepts, and improving human relationships |
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Term
| What are the statistics of school-aged children who have ADD? |
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Definition
3%-5% of school-aged children have ADD; 6-9 times more boys have ADD than girls
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Term
| What are statistics of children from impoverished families? |
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Definition
50% of children in households headed by someone under 25 are poor
50% of children in households headed by women are poor |
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Term
| What are some provisions on PL 94-142? |
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Definition
- bill of rights for those with disabilities
- all students between 3-21 must have free and appropriate public education
- emphasis on regular class as preferred base for students
- IEPs for students who need accommodations
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Term
| What are the differences between horizontal and vertical organization of students? |
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Definition
Vertical: movement of students from grade to grade or level to level (graded and nongraded plans)
Horizontal: grouping of students within a grade or level and the assignment of teachers to a grade or level (self-contained and departmentalized classes) |
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