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| An unbeliever or skeptic. One who does not adhere to Jewish religious belief or practice. The very ultra-orthodox would use this as a word of disfavor for other levels of Judaism. |
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| A person who believes in the inclusion of different racial and ethnic groups into mainstream culture. |
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| A Jewish boy who has arrived at the age of religious responsibility, thirteen years of age. This is also the name for the celebration honoring this responsibility |
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| Polish soldiers who, under the leadership of Chemielnicki, annihilated hundreds of Jewish communities in 1648, killing hundreds of thousands of people. |
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| Hair grown long at the temples |
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| Someone who is not Jewish. |
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| A method of interpreting a biblical word based on the numerical value of its letters in the Hebrew alphabet. This was used to seek deeper meaning by scholars. |
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| This is the Hebrew word for someone who is not Jewish. It is used disparagingly of customs, ideas or practices that observant Jews avoid. |
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| Member of a Jewish sect who follows the religious and social precepts set down in the 17th century. |
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| Books of Jewish mysticism. |
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| This is an afternoon Jewish religious service. |
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| This is a collection of commentaries that is divided into smaller sections for study |
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| These are opponents of the Hasidic movement who criticized belief in the tzaddik |
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| A scholar and teacher of Jewish law, usually the spiritual head of a congregation |
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| Another word for the Sabbath, the seventh day of the week reserved for rest and worship; for the Jews, the Sabbath is on Saturday |
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| Ram’s horn blown at various religious services |
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| Close-fitting, brimless cap worn by Orthodox Jewish men. |
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| Hebrew prayer shawl worn by adult males. The fringe on the shawl is called tzizit |
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| Oral law in Judaism based on Rabbinic interpretations of the laws in the Torah. The Mishnah is a major part of this collection |
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| Two small black boxes fastened to leather straps, containing parts of the Torah and worn during morning prayer |
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| The written law given to Moses at Mount Sinai, including the Talmud and related commentaries |
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| According to Hasidism, a pious leader who is the intermediary between God and man, the “soul of the world.” |
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| The language of Eastern European Jews. It is a combination of German and Polish. It is no longer an active language today. |
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| The movement to secure the return of the Jewish people to Palestine |
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