Term
| Prime minister of Prussia from 1862 to 1890 |
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Definition
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| Basis of Prussian strength |
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Definition
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| Bismarck's official position |
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Definition
| prime minister, or chancellor |
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| Title of the German emperor |
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| Dominant state in the new German union of 1867 |
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| Major rival of Prussia for German leadership |
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| Capital of the German empire (and of Prussia) |
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| France's war against Prussia in 1870 |
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| Foundation of Germany's strong economy |
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| Reformers strongly opposed by Bismarck |
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Definition
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| Event engineered by Bismarck to make the southern German states allies of the North |
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| Northern country Prussia and Austria fought in 1864 |
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| Bismarck's nickname, from his statement that he would unite Germany by "blood and iron" |
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| Union of German states after the Congress of Vienna |
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| Prussia's brief 1866 war against Austria |
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| New union of German states established in 1867 |
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Definition
| the North German Confederation |
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| King of Prussia from 1861 to 1868 and German emperor as of 1871 |
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| Conservative aristocratic landowners |
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Definition
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| Customs union that promoted free trade among German states |
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Definition
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| Two small northern states Austria and Prussia fought Denmark for |
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Definition
| the Schleswig and Holstein |
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Term
| Realistic, tough-minded politics pursued by Bismarck |
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Definition
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Term
| Message from the Prussian king released by Bismarck to anger the French people |
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| The two houses of the German legislative branch |
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Definition
| the Bundesrat and Reichstag |
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Term
| Italian states ruled by the pope |
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Definition
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| Large island at the southern end of Italy |
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| City ruled by the pope until 1870 |
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| Economic base of northern Italy |
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Definition
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| Economic base of southern Italy |
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Definition
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| Secret society formed by local strong men in Sicily |
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Definition
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| The self-proclaimed "prisoner of the Vatican" |
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Definition
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| Capital of the kingdom of Italy |
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Definition
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| Leader who liberated southern Italy |
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Definition
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| Kingdom of the lower half of Italy |
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Definition
| the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies |
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| Southern capital seized by Garibaldi and his army |
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| King of Sardinia and of Italy |
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| French ruler who allied his nation with Sardinia |
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Term
| Prime minister of Sardinia who wored for Italian unity |
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Definition
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Term
| Ally of Sardinia in its war with Austria |
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Definition
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Term
| Major power that dominated a divided Italy |
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Definition
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Term
| Leader of Italian unification movements before 1850 |
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| The Italian nationalistic movement: Italian for "resurgence" |
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Definition
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| Northern Italian state Sardinia gained after the brief war with Austria |
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Term
| Secret Italian nationalist society of the early 1800s |
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Term
| New youthful Italian nationalist movement of the 1830s |
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Definition
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| State added to Italy after the Austro-Prussian War in 1866 |
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| Dominant power of Central Europe |
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| Region that joined equally with Austria in 1867 |
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| Feeling of loyalty and patriotism toward a country, strong in Central Europe |
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| Majority population and language of Hungary |
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| Dominant nationality and language of Austria |
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Definition
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| Dominant power in the Balkans in the 1860s |
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Definition
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| Nickname for the Ottoman Empire |
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| The Ottoman type of government |
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| Country that defeated the Ottoman Empire in 1878 |
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| International conference that rewrote the Russian-Ottoman treaty |
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Definition
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Term
| Ruler of the Ottoman Empire |
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Definition
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Term
| Ally of the Balkan people |
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Definition
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| Major ally of the Ottoman Empire |
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Definition
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| Emperor of Austria from 1848 to 1916 and King of Hungary as of 1867 |
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Definition
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Term
| Conflict in which Austria lost territory to both Prussia and Italy |
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Definition
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Term
| Three of the major peoples of the Balkans |
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Definition
| Serbs, Bulgarians, Romanians, and Greeks |
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Term
| Treaty between Russia and the Ottoman Empire in 1878 |
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Definition
| the Treaty of San Stefano |
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Term
| Mediterranean island gained by Great Britain from the Turks in 1878 |
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Definition
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Term
| Balkan state that gained self-rule in 1878 and independence in 1908 |
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Definition
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Term
| Russian form of government under the tsars |
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Definition
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| Institution abolished by the tsar in 1861 |
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Definition
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| Freedom from serfdom (or slavery) |
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Definition
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| Cause of Alexander's death |
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Definition
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| Radicals who favored bombings and political killings |
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Definition
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| Russia wanted access to this sea. |
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Definition
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| Program that forced non-Russians to adopt Russian culture and customs |
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Definition
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| Policy that favored the union of all Slavic peoples |
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Definition
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| War Russia fought against France, Great Britain, and the Ottoman Empire in 1855-56 |
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Term
| Body of water that bordered the Crimea |
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Definition
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Term
| The only real benefit of the Crimean War |
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Definition
| creation of modern field hospitals, prof. nursing for wounded |
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| Tsar who allowed a number of liberal reforms |
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Term
| Moderate reformers who became more and more radical |
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Definition
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| Type of language shared by Russians, Bulgarians, and Serbs |
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Definition
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| Strongly nationalistic European people who were part of the Russian Empire |
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Definition
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Term
| New class that supported freedom for the serfs |
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Definition
| middle-class industrialists |
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Term
| Russian naval base under siege for 11 months |
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Definition
| Sevastopol (or Sebastopol) |
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Term
| Radical activists who wanted to abolish all political and social structures in Russia |
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Definition
| Nihilists (or anarchists) |
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Term
| Radicals who urged land reform and a better life for the peasants |
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Definition
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Term
| Violent, often fatal mob attacks, especially against Jews |
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Definition
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| Russia claimed to be the protector of these peoples within the Ottoman Empire |
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Definition
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