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| Muslim conquerors driven out of Spain by the Reconquista |
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| Monarchs who united Spanish kingdoms |
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| Two groups of Spaniards ordered to convert to Catholicism |
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| Source of Spain's precious-metal wealth |
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| Huge Spanish invasion fleet destroyed by a fleet in 1588 |
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| Church court that punished people suspected of heresy |
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| Hapsburg ruler of Spain, a native of Flanders, who was also the Holy Roman Emperor |
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Definition
| Charles I (Charles V of the Holy Roman Empire) |
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| Native Spanish Hapsburg ruler, hardworking and devout |
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Term
| How Philip strengthened Spanish government |
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Definition
| a strong centralized government |
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| Northern European country Philip tried to invade and conquer |
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| Type of rule established by Ferdinand and Isabella |
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| Result of expelling non-Catholics from Spain |
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| the destruction of the middle class |
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| Religion promoted by Ferdinand and Isabella |
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| Term for Philip's branch of the ruling family |
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| Capital established by Philip |
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| Kingdom seized by Spain in 1580 |
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| Protestant northern European area that successfully fought for independence from Spain |
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| Economic problem caused by the flood of gold and silver into Spain |
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| Empire that lost a fierce naval battle to Spain at Lepanto in 1571 |
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| Greek artist in Spain who painted figures with very long bodies |
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| Brilliant court painter to Philip IV |
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| Result of French religious conflicts |
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| Lavish palaces built by the French king outside Paris |
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| European language of diplomacy and nobility |
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| Alliances against France aimed to preserve this in Europe. |
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| King who ended the fighting between Protestants and Catholics |
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Definition
| Henry IV (Henry of Navarre) |
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Term
| Representative body that did not meet from 1614 to 1789 |
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| Family that began to rule France in 1589 |
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| Chief minister, churchman, actual ruler of France from 1624 to 1642 |
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| Social class weakened by Richelieu and Louis XIV |
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Term
| "Sun King" who reportedly claimed, "I am the state." |
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Definition
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Term
| Major drains on the French treasury under Louis XIV |
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Definition
| years of wars and/or costs of the court |
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Term
| War fought to determine the king of Spain, from which France lost territory |
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Definition
| the War of the Spanish Succession |
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Term
| Result of Louis XIV's recovotation of the Huguenots' religious freedom |
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Definition
| loss of skilled workers and businesspeople |
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Term
| Decree that granted French Protestants freedom of worship |
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Term
| Queen who allowed Catholics to attack Protestants |
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Term
| King who let his chief minister run France |
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Term
| Louis's chief minister, a believer in mercantilism |
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| Long war from which France gained much power |
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| Terrible anti-Huguenot event of 1572 |
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Definition
| the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre |
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Term
| Prussia was noted for this well-organized body. |
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Term
| "Empire" whose title was entirely meaningless |
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Term
| Russian family that came to power in 1613 and ruled for three centuries |
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| Tsar Peter the Great's goal for a changed Russian society |
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Term
| War of 1618-1648 in Germany, fought for religious and then political reasons |
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| War of 1756-1763 that involved almost all of Europe |
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Term
| First important Russian ruler |
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Definition
| Peter the Great (Peter I) |
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Term
| Tsar Peter the Great ordered his nobles to remove these. |
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| Russian port built as Russia's "window to Europe," named for Peter the Great |
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| German princess who ruled Russia from 1762 to 1796 |
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| Country partitioned out of existence by Russia, Prussia, and Austria |
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| "The Great Fritz," Frederick II of Prussia |
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| Country devastated by the Thirty Years' War |
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| Most powerful and important state within the Holy Roman Empire |
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| All Hohenzollern possessions in northern Germany |
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| Skillful Austrian ruler who gained her title through her husband |
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| Enduring Russian foreign policy goal set by Peter the Great |
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Definition
| to acquire warm-water seaports |
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| Leader of the Puritans, who ruled as Lord Protector |
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| What the Restoration restored, politically |
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| Popular form of entertainment that the Restoration restored |
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| Document that established many basic rights of the English people |
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Definition
| the Bill (Declaration) of Rights |
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| Type of ruler Cromwell was, essentially |
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| English Protestants who wanted to "purify" the Anglican Church |
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Term
| The second Stuart monarch, who dissolved Parliament in 1629 |
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| James I firmly believed in this theory of a monarch's power |
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Definition
| the divine right of kings |
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Term
| Civil war began in 1642 when Charles I led troops against this body. |
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| Country that the first Stuart monarch also ruled |
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| Successor to the Cromwells |
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| Reason why the English monarch had to consult Parliament |
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| Term for the bloodless overthrow of King James II |
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| New joint rulers of England in 1688 |
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| Type of monarchy Great Britain became in the 1700s |
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Definition
| a limited constitutional monarchy |
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