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| Navigation instrument with a magnetized needle |
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| Western country that controlled Europe's trade with the Far East |
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| Exotic foodstuffs that inspired European voyages to the East |
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| Continent whose west coast the Portuguese explored in the 1400s |
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| Disease caused by lack of vitamin C, common among early European sailors |
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| Brother of the king of Portugal who promoted exploration |
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| Type of school started by Prince Henry |
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| Religious reason for European exploration |
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| Europeans' name for the Moluccas, islands rich in cloves and nutmeg |
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| Feature of the caravel that made it sail more effectively |
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| Merchants who brought Asian goods to Mediterranean ports |
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| Feature of European ships that allowed them to capture coastal trading posts |
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| Navigation instrument, perfected by the Arabs, used to measure the angle of stars and planets |
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| Portuguese explorer who accidentally landed in Brazil |
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| Countries that divided all the new Atlantic lands between themselves |
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| Navigational tool used to determine latitude; it replaced the astrolabe |
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| Imaginary line drawn by the pope that divided the new Atlantic lands |
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| the papal line of demarcation |
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| Port from which many Portuguese explorers sailed |
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| Portuguese name for the southern tip of Africa |
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| the Cape of Good Hope (or Cape of Storms) |
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| Explorer who opened India to Portuguese trade |
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| Portuguese navigator who led a fleet on an around-the-world voyage for Spain |
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| Principal export from Africa via European traders |
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| Portuguese explorer who first sailed around Africa's southern tip |
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| First Europeans to trade with Japan |
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| Country that established trading forts along the west coast of Africa in the 1400s |
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| Asian island group claimed by Spain and named for the Spanish king |
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| The Portuguese expelled Arab traders from this section of the African coast. |
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| Term for the voyage of enslaved Africans to the Americas |
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| Early European traders' term for the islands of present-day Indonesia |
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| Far Eastern nation where the Dutch were allowed to trade once or twice a year |
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| Europeans who established a colony at Cape Town on Africa's southern tip |
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| Portuguese trading post in China, near Canton |
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| Island off the coast of India that was the base of Portuguese trade |
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| Port town that the Portuguese seized, giving them control of the strait with the same name |
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| Great spice port of India where da Gama landed and traded |
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| Far Eastern island that was the trading headquarters of the Dutch |
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| Commercial group that set up trading posts in India |
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Definition
| the English East India Company |
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| Company that controlled Dutch trade in the Far East |
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Definition
| the Dutch East India Company |
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| Italian explorer who sailed west from Europe to find the Spice Islands |
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| Name given to the New World natives by Columbus (he thought he had reached the E Indies) |
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| Term for Spanish conquerors in the New World |
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| Metal sought by the Spanish conquerors |
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| Name given by Magellan to Balboa's ocean |
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| Sea that Columbus explored in the New World |
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| Present-day central American area taken by Cortes |
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| Spanish explorer who invaded and conquered central America |
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| Central American empire conquered by Cortes |
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| Spanish tactical advantages previously unknown to the Native Americans |
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| Spanish explorer who conquered the Indian empire of South America |
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| South American Indians conquered by Pizarro |
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| Spanish explorer who led an expedition through much of today's U.S. southwest |
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| First European to sight the Pacific Ocean |
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| Spanish explorer who found the Mississippi River |
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| Spaniard who explored Florida |
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| Places that imported most African slaves sent to the Americas |
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| the Caribbean Islands and Brazil |
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| Leader of the South American Indian empire |
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| Today's name for the islands Columbus arrived at |
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| Leader of the central American Indian empire |
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| Main interest of the French in North America |
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| Explorer for the Netherlands who gave his name to a bay, a river, and a strait |
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| Most destructive "weapon" that Europeans brought to the Americas |
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| A Spanish explorer was the first European to find this great North American river. |
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| Pathway through North America to the Far East that explorers tried to find |
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| First permanent English settlement in North America |
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| Second permanent English settlement in North America |
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| Italian explorer who established English claims in North America |
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| John Cabot (Giovanni Caboto) |
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| Italian who explored the Atlantic coast for France |
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| English explorer who founded a colony at Roanoke |
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| Bitter rival European nations who jockeyed for power in North America |
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| People who established the Massachusetts Bay Colony |
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| Great northern river explored by the French and the English |
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| First permanent French settlement in North America, founded by Samuel de Champlain |
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| Capital of Dutch settlement in North America |
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| Western region of North America claimed by France |
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| French explorer of North America who found a gulf and a great river |
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| Explorer who claimed the entire Mississippi River valley for France |
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| Two Frenchmen who explored the Mississippi Valley in 1673 |
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| Father Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet |
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| War led by Native American leader Metacomet in Massachusetts |
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