Term
| Medieval farming estate, including a village |
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| Noble's home and fortress made of stone |
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| Body of water that protected some castles |
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| Heavy door of a castle that could be raised or lowered |
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| Code of conduct developed for medieval knights |
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| Popular board game played by nobles and ladies |
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| Below-ground area where prisoners were kept in a castle |
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| Political condition that favored the development of feudalism |
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Definition
| no strong central government (or weak kings) |
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| Major obligation of a vassal to a lord |
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| Payment owed by a vassal if the lord was captured in battle |
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Term
| Mock battles, the great sport of feudal knights |
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Term
| A fight between two armored knights on horseback |
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| Floor covering for a medieval manor house or castle |
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| Castle room where everyone lived and ate |
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| Body of vassals that decided legal cases |
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| Wooden building built to provide protection to everyone on the lord's manor |
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| High wooden fence that surrounded a noble's house |
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| Tall, strong tower of a castle |
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| Payment given by a bride's family to the husband-to-be |
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| Condition of a field left unplanted every third year |
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| Person who granted land in exchange for military services |
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| Class of peple who were lords and vassals |
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Definition
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| People who farmed the land and provided services for nobles |
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Term
| Peasants who were bound to the land |
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Term
| Noble warrior on horseback |
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Term
| Weak rulers who granted land from royal estates to powerful lords |
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Term
| Class of medieval religious leaders |
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Definition
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Term
| Lesser lord who held land in return for a pledge of services and loyalty |
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Term
| Legal possession and use of land passed to this person when a lord or vassal died. |
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| Peasants who rented land from the lord |
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Definition
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Term
| First stage of learning to be a knight, beginning at the age of seven |
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| The last strong king in Europe before feudalism developed |
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| Poet-musicians at feudal castles who sang about romantic love |
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| Wandering musical entertainers |
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Definition
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Term
| Group of nonfarming freemen necessary to village economy |
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Definition
| skilled workers (or artisans) |
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Term
| Manor official who made sure the peasants worked hard in the fields |
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Term
| Head of a medieval university |
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Term
| Manor people that the lord's lady was obligated to care for |
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Definition
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Term
| Person who kept one third of the manor's land for himself |
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Definition
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Term
| Organization that provided the only stable central authority in medieval Europe |
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Definition
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Term
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Term
| Official language of the Church |
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Definition
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Term
| Spiritual head of the Church in western Europe |
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Definition
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Term
| Religious communities of nuns |
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Definition
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Term
| Religious communities of monks |
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Definition
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Term
| Skills possessed by Church officials and very few other members of medieval society |
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Definition
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Term
| Large church headed by a bishop |
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Term
| Ultimate punishment for heresy |
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Definition
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Term
| Banishment from the Church |
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Definition
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Term
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Term
| Religious order dedicated to reform, whose members preached among the people |
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Definition
| the Franciscans or the Dominicans |
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Term
| Responsibility taken over by the Church that benefitted the less fortunate |
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| The search for heresy by the Spanish Church |
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Term
| False doctrines or denial of the truth of dogma |
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Definition
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Term
| Contributions of 10 percent of one's income to the Church |
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Definition
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Term
| First pope to become a powerful earthly ruler |
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Definition
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Term
| Set of standards to regulate lives of monks, developed around 530 |
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Definition
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Term
| Pope who attempted to rid the Church of control by kings and feudal lords |
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Term
| Agreement of 1122 giving both the pope and the king a part in selecting bishops |
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Definition
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Term
| The buying and selling of Church positions |
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Definition
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Term
| Land conquered by the Arabs that the crusaders sought to recapture |
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Definition
| Palestine (the Holy Land) |
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Term
| Muslim people who took over the Holy Land from the Arabs |
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| Empire that appealed to the pope for protection from the Turks |
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Definition
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Term
| Holy city recaptured by the crusaders in 1099 |
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Definition
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| Pope who called on the feudal lords to wage a holy war (a crusade) to regain the Holy Land |
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Term
| Emblem of the crusaders, sewn onto their tunics |
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Definition
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Term
| The things a crusader would be forgiven for or declared free from |
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Definition
| debts, taxes, sins, and criminal punishment |
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Term
| Crusade led by nobles that was successful |
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Definition
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Term
| What the crusaders did when they recaptured the holy city |
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Definition
| massacred the inhabitants |
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Term
| Muslim leader who recaptured Jerusalem in 1187 |
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Definition
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Term
| Main political effect of the crusades |
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Definition
| an increase in the power of kings |
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Term
| Site of Church council where the pope pleaded for a crusade |
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Definition
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Term
| Crusade led by Louis VII of France and the Holy Emperor Conrad III; begun in 1147 |
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Definition
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Term
| Term for the Third Crusade, 1189-1192 |
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Definition
| the Crusade of Three Kings |
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| Pope who called for a Fourth Crusade in 1198 |
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| City looted by crusaders in 1204 |
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