Term
| Where is the verb placed in a Japanese sentence? |
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Definition
| Always at the end of the sentence ( followed by ka if a question ) |
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Term
| What are particles in a Japanese sentence? |
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Definition
| Particles are used to show the relationship of one word to another in a sentence. They are sometimes referred to as markers. |
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Term
| How do you form a question in Japanese? |
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Definition
| Make a statement and add ka to the end. |
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Term
| Can I use a question mark instead of ka to form a question? |
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Definition
| Never use a question mark instead of ka |
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Term
| Do you need to add a question mark to a Japanese sentence? |
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Definition
| No, it is redundant. Use ka instead. |
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Term
| What is a topic in Japanese? |
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Definition
| A topic, marked by the particle wa, is a comment on something that's already been discussed or is generally understood. |
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Term
| What is a subject in Japanese? |
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Definition
| The Japanese subject is like the subject in English grammar, but its location is not the necessarily same as in English.It is marked by ga and is more specific than a topic, being used when making a neutral statement of fact. It is also used to show emphasis. |
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Term
| When is the particle ga used? |
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Definition
| Ga is used to mark a subject, including when the subject is an interrogative pronoun. |
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Term
| Where does the adverb appear? |
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Definition
| Adverbs are normally found right before the verb or adjective. |
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Term
| What problems can be accounted when translating Japanese texts? |
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Definition
| Japanese texts use dependent clauses so heavily that if text is translated sentence-by-sentence, run-on sentences would often result. |
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Term
| What is a good strategy when translating a complex Japanese sentence? |
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Definition
| To be able to analyse Japanese sentences properly, one needs to first cut the sentence into its clauses, then cut these up into phrases using the particles as guides. |
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Term
| Where are question words [doko(where), itsu(when), dare(who), nan(what)] placed in the sentence? |
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Definition
| They usually follow the topic+wa and/or subject+ga if mentioned. |
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Term
| What is the following in grammatically-correct English?: Kyou mise de Mari-san yasui ketsushita o kaimashita |
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Definition
| Today Mari bought some cheap socks at the store. |
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Term
| Are there possible problems with using direct and indirect objects? |
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Definition
| Yes! It get's a little tricky with commnication verbs: She told us a story. The story is the direct object; we 'sorta' received the story, so 'us' is the indirect object. |
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Term
| Should the topic or grammatical subject always be included in the sentence? |
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Definition
| No. Wherever possible, leave out the topic or grammatical subject when it is understood to make sentences shorter and sound more natural. |
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Term
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Definition
| A modifier is a word, phrase, or clause that limits or qualifies the sense of another word or word group. |
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Term
| Where do modifiers occur in a sentence? |
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Definition
| Modifiers come before the word modified. |
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Term
| Give examples of question words |
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Definition
| doko(where), itsu(when), dare(who), nan(what) |
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Term
| Does ka still need to be used when question words [doko(where), itsu(when), dare(who), nan(what)] are present? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the difference between a direct and an indirect object? |
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Definition
| direct object receives the action of the verb [I sold the cake]; indirect object receives the direct object [I sold my mother the cake] |
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Term
| How do the particles identify direct and indirect objects? |
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Definition
| The direct object is marked by the particle o,the indirect object is marked by the particle ni |
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Term
| Where does the direct object appear? |
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Definition
| The direct object ordinarily comes just before the adverbs, if any. |
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Term
| What is the composition of dependent clauses? |
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Definition
| Dependent clauses contain verbs or adjectives complete with details that can make up any other sentence. |
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Term
| Where do dependent clauses appear? |
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Definition
| Dependent Clauses may precede any noun, whether it be in the subject or in the predicate, or other unclassifiable words like kara, tame, etc. in the sentence. |
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Term
| What is the order of words in a typical Japanese sentence? |
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Definition
| time + place + (topic, grammatical subject) + modifiers +object + verb |
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Term
| Kyou mise de ketsushita o kaimashita |
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Definition
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Term
| Can the order of words vary in a Japanese sentence? |
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Definition
| Yes, it may vary from the typical according to the emphasis desired. |
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Term
| Kyou mise de ketsushita o kaimashita |
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Definition
| Today ( I ) bought some socks at the store. |
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Term
| Kyou mise de Mari-san ketsushita o kaimashita |
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Definition
| today store Mari socks bought |
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Term
| Kyou mise de Mari-san ketsushita o kaimashita |
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Definition
| Today Mari bought some socks at the store. |
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Term
| Kyou mise de Mari-san yasui ketsushita o kaimashita |
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Definition
| today store Mari cheap socks bought |
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