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| In Japan, the early period is particularly interesting because mothers and other caretakers of small children are quite assiduous in their efforts to train children in the way the regard as ___ and ______ to do things. |
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| Whose responsibility is it to mould the smill children's soul? |
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| Uchi and soto translate roughly as ______ and _______ respectively. |
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| The importance of thise distinction (uchi and soto) and its association with ____ and ___________ is illustrated by looking at the ways it is used in training small children. |
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| uchi, soto, clean inside, dirty outside |
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| First of all, ____ and ____ are associated with the _____ ______ of the house and the _____ _______ world, respectively. |
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| What does a Japanese person have to do in the entrance hall of the house? |
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| What do small children learn when they go in and out of the house? |
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| public behavior, one's real feelings |
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Definition
| Tatemae is ______ ________ and honne is ____ ____ ________. |
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| The conscious awareness of different sorts of _______ behavior is learnt only gradually, and it is associated with the emphasis placed on another important aspect of Japanese social relations, namely _______. |
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| The conocern of adults to create a secure and attentive environment for a small child is part of this wider emphasis in in Japanese society on _______ in social relations. |
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Definition
| What are the two important principles of harmony? |
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| Do as you would be done by. |
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Definition
| What is the principle of reciprocity? |
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| Children are made aware of their ________ ages from a very early stage, and in case of dispute, an _____ child is encouraged to give in to a _______ child. |
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| hierarchical, polite language |
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Definition
| The ____________ disctinctions within a house are sometimes thought appropriate ones to emphasize teaching a child to use ______ ________. |
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| The general principle of using ________ as a means of trying to achieve _______ is widespread. |
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| The kindergarten or day nursery introduces children to _____ ____ in preparation for school. |
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| In contrast to the bsically ____________ relations found in the home and neighborhood, when children enter kindergarten the emphasis within the class is on the essential ________ of members of the group. |
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| The children may wear _______, or at least smocks, aprons or badges to make them _____, and they have identical sets of equipment for their activities. |
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| The other children in class are all referred to as _______. |
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| Members of the class are regarded as symbolically _____, and this ________ is expressed in several ways. |
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| ______ and __________, for example, are shared out equally by means of a rota system. |
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| As will be seen elsewhere in Japanese society, apparent hierarchy is often contextual rather than based on any ________ differences in status. |
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| Children are expected to be _____, and anyone who is not, like the crying child, is classed as _______ or ________. |
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| A child who shows reluctance to participate is encouraged to join in, but, if it refuses, it will simply be _______ as the teacher goes about the business making life fun for all the other children. |
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| Teachers also take advantage of the propensity of children to impose rules upon themselves, allowing much of the discipline of the group to be generated by the ________ of the ____ group. |
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| Teachers also appeal to the _____ class when pointing out the recalcitrant behavior of one of their number, asking whether such behavior is __________, and if not, what kind of behavior is. |
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| The personalized collective term mina-san is used to address and refer to the _____ group and its needs, and an individual whose behavior is detriment of mina-san is made to feel most uncomfortable. |
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| The annual sports day usually emphasizes cooperation over __________ competition, and children are encouraged to exert themselves for the sake of the class, or the area in which they live, rather than for their own _____. |
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| Stories and plays presented to or put on by the children also tend to emphsise the advantages of ___________ over __________ endeavour. |
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| Television programs for children often reiterate this theme, as a single hero tries unsuccessfully to defeat the monster, or other alien force, until he gains the ___________ of othe victims of the danger. |
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| Anthropologist Tom Gill compares the way television programs surround Ultraman with brothers and other family relatives on whom he can rely on his quest to defeat monsters, with the American character Superman, who always acts __ ___ ___. |
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| By understanding their own needs they are thought to be able to understand the needs of others, and so to work out ___________ behavior in any situation. |
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| A child will gradually learn to exercise ____ _______ in the interest of appropriate social relations. |
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| collective, self-interest |
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| An individual child still learns to enjoy the advantages of its new identity as a member of the __________ group in preschool establishments, and it sees that it is in fact in its own interest in certain circumstances to put ____ ________ second. |
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| The success of a company, for example, is dependent on the cooperation of its __________ members and the success of the members is then presented as directly dependent on the success of the _______ to which they belong. |
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| The parents of small hildren recieve a great deal of _______ and information about their role in Japan, and this is considered to be an _________ time to mould a child for future life. |
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