Term
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Definition
| A chain of carbons where at least one carbon within the chain is bonded to more than two other carbon atoms. Can contain primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary carbons. |
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Term
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Definition
| Isomers whose atoms are connected in a different order. |
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Term
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Definition
| Different molecules that have the same molecular formula. |
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Term
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Definition
| International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry; A system of chemical naming that is systematic and substitutive. Names have four features: locants, prefixes, parent compound, suffix |
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Term
| IUPAC naming rule #1 for Alkanes |
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Definition
| Locate the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms. This chain determines the Parent name of the alkane. |
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Term
| IUPAC naming rule #2 for Alkanes |
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Definition
| Number the longest chain (parent chain) from the end closest to a substituent group. |
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Term
| IUPAC naming rule #3 for Alkanes |
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Definition
| Use the numbers on the parent chain to designate the location of a substituent group. The number will precede the substituent group. Numbers are separated from words using a hyphen. |
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Term
| IUPAC naming rule #4 for Alkanes |
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Definition
| When two or more substituents are present, give each substituent a number corresponding to its location on the parent chain. Substituents should be listed alphabetically; disregarding multiplier prefixes (di, tri, etc.) |
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Term
| IUPAC naming rule #5 for Alkanes |
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Definition
| When two substituents are present on the same carbon atom, use the location number twice (once for each substituent). |
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Term
| IUPAC naming rule #6 for Alkanes |
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Definition
| When two or more substituents are identical, indicate this by using a multiplier prefix di, tri, tetra, etc. Use commas to separate numbers from each other. |
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Term
| IUPAC naming rule #7 for Alkanes |
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Definition
| When two chains of equal length compete with each other as the parent chain, choose the chain with the higher number of substituents. |
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Term
| IUPAC naming rule #8 for Alkanes |
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Definition
| When branching occurs at an equal distance from either end of the parent chain, choose the name that gives the lower number to the first point of difference. Basically, ignore the closest substituent and number the parent chain from that end that gives the next closest substituent the lowest number possible. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group on a molecule that has replaced a hydrogen from an unbranched alkane. Methyl, Ethyl, etc. are all examples. |
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Term
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Definition
| "straight chain"; Each carbon within a carbon chain is bonded to no more than two other carbon atoms. Contain only primary and secondary carbon atoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| Numeric location of a substituent on a parent chain |
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Term
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Definition
| Longest continuous carbon chain of a compound or bonded to a functional group. |
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Term
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Definition
| Appears at the end of a parent name of a compound. Designates the highest priority class of compound present on or within the parent chain. Generally the parent chain is numbered from the end closest to the group identified. |
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Term
| IUPAC naming rule #1 for Alcohols |
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Definition
| Locate the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms bonded directly to the hydroxyl group (OH). Replace the -e at the end of the alkane name with -ol. |
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Term
| IUPAC naming rule #2 for Alcohols |
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Definition
| Number the parent chain from the end closest to the hydroxyl group. Indicate the position of the hydroxyl group as its locant. |
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Term
| IUPAC naming rule #1 for Alkenes |
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Definition
| Locate the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms that includes both carbons of the double bond. Replace the -ane at the end of the alkane name with -ene. |
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Term
| IUPAC naming rule #2 for Alkenes |
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Definition
| Number the parent chain so as to include both carbons of the double bond and begin numbering from the end closest to the carbon-carbon double bond. The carbons of the double bond should always have consecutive numbers. Indicate the lower position number of the double bond as its locant. |
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Term
| IUPAC naming rule for substituted cycloalkenes |
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Definition
| Number sustituted cycloalkenes in such a way as to give the carbons of the double bond positions 1 and 2, but also in the direction that gives the substituent the lowest position number possible. |
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Term
| IUPAC naming rule #1 for Alkynes |
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Definition
| Locate the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms that includes both carbons of the triple bond. Replace the -ane at the end of the alkane name with -yne. |
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Term
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Definition
| Monosubstituted alkyne, where one carbon of the triple bond is bonded to a hydrogen. |
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Term
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Definition
| Disubstituted alkyne, where neither carbon of the triple bond is bonded to a hydrogen. |
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Term
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Definition
| A means of representing the spatial arrangements of groups attached to two atoms of a molecule due to sigma bond rotation. |
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Term
| Conformational Stereoisomers |
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Definition
| Stereoisomers differing in space only due to the rotations about sigma bonds. |
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Term
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Definition
| The angle between two atoms (or groups) bonded to adjacent atoms, when viewed as a projection down the bond between the adjacent atoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| The strain associated with an eclipsed conformation of a molecule; caused by the repulsion of aligned electron pairs in eclipsed bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| An effect on reaction rates or molecule stability caused when the spatial arrangement of groups causes repulsion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Compounds with the same molecular formula that differ only in the arrangements of their atoms in space. |
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Term
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Definition
| Instability of a molecule as the result of deviation from ideal bond angles caused by structural constrains (ring size) |
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Term
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Definition
| The difference in stability between an acyclic compound and a cyclic compound. Results from both angle strain and torsional strain. |
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Term
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Definition
| A particular temporary orientation of a molecule that results from the rotations about its single bonds. |
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