Term
|
Definition
| A picture element (dot) on a computer screen or printout. Groups of pixels compose images on the monitor and the output of a printout |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Graphics in which images are stored and manipulated as organized collections of pixels rather than shapes and lines. Contrast with object-oriented graphics. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The storage of pictures as collections of lines, shapes, and other objects |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bit depth, the number of bits devoted to each pixel. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Density of pixels, measured by the number of dots per inch |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A measurement of the density of pixels, defining the resolution of a graphic. |
|
|
Term
| Image processing software |
|
Definition
| Software that enables the user to manipulate photographs and other high-resolution images. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stores a picture as a collection of lines and shapes. Also stores shapes as shape formulas and texts as text. |
|
|
Term
| Presentation graphics software |
|
Definition
| Automates the creation of visual aids for lectures, training sessions, and other presentations. Can include everything from spreadsheet charting programs to animation-editing software but most commonly used for creating and displaying a series of onscreen slides to serve as visual aids for presentations |
|
|
Term
| CAD (Computer Aided Design) |
|
Definition
| The use of computers to draw products or process designs on the screen. |
|
|
Term
| JPG (Joint photographic experts group) |
|
Definition
| A lossy compression technique for color images. |
|
|
Term
| GIF (Graphics interchanged format) |
|
Definition
| A bitmap file format used by the World Wide Web |
|
|
Term
| TIFF (Tagged image file format) |
|
Definition
| One of the most widely supported formats for storing bitmap images on personal computers |
|
|
Term
| WMF (Windows metafile format) |
|
Definition
| Windows Format that can hold both vector and bitmap images. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Radio- or television-style programs that can be downloaded on demand or automatically by subscription. |
|
|
Term
| MIDI (Musical instrument digital interface) |
|
Definition
| A standard interface that allows electronic instruments and computers to communicate with each other and work together. |
|
|
Term
| MP3 (Motion picture audio layer 3) |
|
Definition
| ): A method of compression that can squeeze a music file to a fraction of its original CD file size with only a slight loss of quality. |
|
|
Term
| WAV (Waveform audio file format) |
|
Definition
| The format for storing sound in files developed jointly by Microsoft and IBM. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Video reduced to a series of numbers, which can be edited, stored, and played back without loss of quality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clip in which one image metamorphoses into another. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process of simulating motion with a series of still pictures. |
|
|
Term
| AVI (Audio video interleave) |
|
Definition
| Microsoft’s video file format developed for windows. |
|
|
Term
| MPEG (Moving picture experts group) |
|
Definition
| A family of digital video compression standards and file formats. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Using some combination of texts, graphics, animation, video, music, voice and sound effects to communicate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Multimedia that enables the user to take an active part in the experience. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Technology that creates an illusion that the user is immersed in a world that exists only inside the computer, an environment that contains both scenes and controls to change those scenes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The use of computer displays that add virtual information to a person’s sensory perceptions, supplementing rather than replacing (as in virtual reality) the world the user sees. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Software for editing digital video, including titles, sound, and special effects. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Multiple personal computers connected on a network. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A network that extends over a long distance. Each network site is a node on the network. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| For a local-area network, a hierarchical model in which one or more computers act as dedicated servers and all the remaining computers act as clients. The server fills requests from clients for data and other resources. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A popular networking architecture developed in 1976 at Xerox |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| : A global interconnected network of thousands of networks linking academic, research, government, and commercial institutions, and other organizations and individuals. Also known as the Net. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A self-contained intra organizational network that is designed using the same technology as the Internet. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A private inter organizational system connecting the intranets of two or more companies in an E-Marketplace |
|
|
Term
| VPN (Virtual private network) |
|
Definition
| A network that uses encryption software to create secret “tunnels” through the public Internet or between intranets; a method an organization can use to set up an extranet. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Programs or devices that decide how to route Internet transmissions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hardware that decides how to route Internet transmissions. Switches are similar to software routers, but faster and less flexible. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Devices that allow nodes on a local area network to communicate, though only a single message at a time can move across the network. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The quality of information that can be transmitted through a communication medium in a given amount of time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An internet connection such as DSL or cable modem that offers higher bandwidth, and therefore faster transmission speed, than standard modem connections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| High-capacity cable that uses light waves to carry information at blinding speeds. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A type of broadband internet connection that uses the same network of coaxial cables that delivers TV signals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A network in which a node has a tiny radio or infrared transmitter connected to its network port so it can send and receive data through the air rather than through cables. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A type of wireless technology that enables mobile phones, handheld computers, and PCs to communicate with each other regardless of operating systems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A form of computing in which not files, but processing power is shared between networked computers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A set of rules for the exchange of data between a terminal and a computer or between two computers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An individual responsible for maintaining a multi-user computer system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Software that only allows user access according to the user’s needs. Some users can open only files that are related to their work. Some users are allowed read-only access files that they can see but not change. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A one-word name that you type to identify yourself when connecting- logging in- to a secure computer system, network, or email account. Sometimes called username or alias. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The most common security tools used to restrict access to computer systems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Measurement of individual body characteristics, such as voiceprint or fingerprint; sometimes used in computer security. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A type of computing that relies on sharing computing resources rather than having local servers or personal devices to handle applications. The goal of cloud computing is to apply traditional super computing power normally used by military and research facilities in consumer oriented applications. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Software or hardware that guards against unauthorized access into an internal network; keeps internal network secure while allowing communication with the rest of the internet. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A server that sits between a client application such as a web browser and a real server. It intercepts all requests to the real server to see if it can fulfill the request itself. If not, it forwards the request to the real server. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protects transmitted information by scrambling the transmissions. When a user encrypts a message by applying a secret numerical code (encryption key), the message can be transmitted or stored as an indecipherable garble of characters. The message can be read only after it’s been reconstructed with a matching key. |
|
|
Term
| SSL (Secure Socket layer) |
|
Definition
| A protocol developed by Netscape for transmitting private documents via the Internet. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A record showing who has accessed a computer system and what operations he or she has performed during a given period of time. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Software for monitoring the desktop and online activities of employees, family members, or other computer users. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Software that, for the most part, keeps offense and otherwise inappropriate Web content from being viewed by children, on-duty workers, and others. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A document that outlines the rules and practices of acceptable use on a computer network. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Someone who uses computer skills to gain unauthorized access to computer systems. Also sometimes used to refer to a particularly talented, dedicated programmer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Unauthorized access and/or vandalism of computer systems; short for criminal hacking. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The use of a deceptive email message or Web site to lure a person into divulging credit card numbers or other sensitive information. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Infusing false information into a DNS server resulting in a user’s request being redirected elsewhere in order to obtain personal or private information. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A process used to steal passwords online. |
|
|
Term
| UPS (Uninterruptable power supply) |
|
Definition
| A hardware device that protects computers from data loss during power failures. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A set of rules for the exchange of data between a terminal and a computer or in between two computers. |
|
|
Term
| HTTP (Hypertext transfer protocol) |
|
Definition
| The Internet protocol used to transfer Web pages. |
|
|
Term
| WTP (File transfer protocol) |
|
Definition
| A communications protocol that enables users to download files from remote servers to their computers and to upload files they want to share from their computers to these archives. |
|
|
Term
| TCP/IP (Transmission control protocol/internet protocol) |
|
Definition
| Protocols developed as an experiment in internetworking, now the language of the Internet, allowing cross0network communication for almost every type of computer and network. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The standard technique used to send information over the Internet. A message is broken into packets that travel independently from network to network toward their common destination, where they are reunited. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A unique string of four numbers separated by periods that serves as a unique address for a computer on the Internet. The IP address of the host computer and sending computer is included with every packet of information that traverses the Internet. |
|
|
Term
| URL (Unique resource locator) |
|
Definition
| The address of a Web site. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A class of Internet addresses indicated by a suffix such as .com, .gov, or .net |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A system that translates a computer’s numerical IP address into an easier-to-remember string of names separated by dots. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A word, phrase, or picture that acts like a button, enabling the user to explore the Web or a multimedia document with mouse clicks. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Part of the Internet, a collection of multimedia documents created by organizations and users worldwide. Documents are linked in a hypertext Web that allows users to explore them with simple mouse clicks. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Network created in 1969 from a government grant during the cold war that is the foundation of today’s Internet. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A special type of communications software designed to access and display information at Internet websites. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A program for locating information on the Web. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Software robots that systematically explore the Web, retrieve information about pages, and index the retrieved information in a database. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small files deposited on a user’s hard disk by Web sites, enabling sites to remember what they know about their visitors between sessions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A function of the proxy server that stores retrieved Web pages so that the page can be quickly retrieved by the same or different user the next time that page is requested. |
|
|
Term
| HTML (Hypetext markup language) |
|
Definition
| An HTML document is a text file that includes codes that describe the format, layout, and logical structure of the hypermedia document. Most Web pages are created with HTML |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Short programs that add interactivity, animation, and other dynamic features of a Web page or multimedia document. q |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A software extension that adds new features. |
|
|
Term
| ISP (Internet service provider) |
|
Definition
| A business that provides its customers with connections to the Internet along with other services. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Technology in which information is delivered automatically to a client computer. The user subscribes to a service and the server delivers that information periodically and unobtrusively. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Technology in which browsers on client computers pull information from server machines. The browser needs to initiate a request before any information is delivered. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Allows Internet users to send mail messages, data files, and software programs to other Internet users and to users of most commercial networks and online services. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Email discussion groups on special-interest topics. All subscribers receive messages sent to the group’s mailing address. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ongoing public discussions on a particular subject consisting of notes written to a central Internet site and redistributed through a worldwide newsgroup called Usenet. You can check into and out of them whenever you want; all messages are posted on virtual bulletin boards for anyone to read anytime. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Short for Web log, a personal Web page that often carries diary-like entries or political commentaries. Blogs are fast proliferating as new software allows users to create Web pages without having to learn the technical details of HTML and Web authoring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A Web site that lets anyone with access to a Web browser to modify its pages. Example: Wikipedia. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To mix either by programmers or hackers at least two different services from disparate even competing websites |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Rules of etiquette that apply to Internet communication. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The coming together of two or more disparate disciplines or technologies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An online meeting between two or more people. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Face-to-face communication over long distances using video and computer technology. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Using computers, networks, and other technology to extend the educational process beyond the walls of school, connecting student and faculty at remote locations. |
|
|
Term
| PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) |
|
Definition
| A pocket-sized computer used to organize appointments, tasks, notes, contacts, and other personal information. Sometimes called handheld computer or palmtop computer. Many include additional software and hardware for wireless communication |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An electronic telecommunications device connected to a wireless communications network through radio wave or satellite transmissions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Technology that enables computers to serve as speaker-phones, answering machines, and complete voice mail systems |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A protocol that allows the internet to be used to make voice telephone calls. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Satellite based radio broadcast service commonly used by consumers in automobiles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Television that processes information through a binary code rather than an analog signal. |
|
|
Term
| GPS (Global positioning system) |
|
Definition
| A defense department system with 24 satellites that can pinpoint any location on the Earth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Computer-controlled machines designed to perform specific manual tasks. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A device that enables digital machines to monitor a physical quantity of the analog world, such as temperature, humidity, or pressure, to provide data used in robotics, environmental climate control, and other applications. |
|
|
Term
| AI (Artificial Intelligence) |
|
Definition
| The field of computer science devoted to making computers perceive, reason, and act in ways that have, until now, been reserved for human beings. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A way to test machine intelligence. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Using multiple processors to divide jobs into pieces and work simultaneously on the pieces. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Artificial intelligence techniques that make it possible for machine performance to improve based on feedback from past performance. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Language that people speak and write every day. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Knowledge acquired from living in the world. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Software programs that can ask questions, respond to commands, pay attention to users’ work patterns, serve as a guide and a coach, and use reasoning to fabricate their own goals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Identifying reoccurring patterns in input data with the goal of understanding or categorizing that input. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Information systems or software programs designed to replicate the decision-making process of a human expert. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A database that contains both facts and a system of rules for determining and changing the relationship among those facts. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Software that derives logical conclusions from premises known or assumed to be true |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A type of logic that allows conclusions to be stated as probabilities rather than certainties. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A specialist who interviews and observes experts and converts their words and actions into a knowledge base. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The narrow knowledge base of an expert system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The process of identifying objects and shapes in a photograph, drawing, video, or other visual image. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A problem-solving process of investigating a situation, designing a system solution to improve the situation, acquiring the human, financial, and technological resources to implement the solution, and finally evaluating the success of the solution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An organizational group that may be formed to decide which projects should be considered first. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A person who uses the information system directly or uses the information produced by the system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An information technology professional primarily responsible for developing and managing the system. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hiring talent for selected activities on a contract basis. |
|
|
Term
| SDLC (Systems development life cycle) |
|
Definition
| A sequence of seven steps or phases through which an information system passes between the time the system is conceived and the time it is phased out. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Animated features in which one or more of the characters are controlled by the viewers; in the systems development life cycle, the phase to study the existing business problem or opportunity and determine whether it is feasible to develop a new system or redesign the existing system if one exists. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The phase in systems development life cycle in which details are fleshed out before design begins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The phase of system development life cycle that focuses on how the problem will be solved. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A limited working system or subsystem that is created to give users and managers an idea of how the complete system will work. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The phase of system development life cycle in which the system is built and tested |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Initial testing of a system; also called “pre-beta testing” |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Testing of almost-finished software by potential end users. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The phase of system development life cycle in which the system is put into use. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The phase of system development life cycle that involves evaluating, repairing, and enhancing the system |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The final phase of the systems development life cycle, in which a system is phased out. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A graphical depiction of the physical system that exists or is proposed, such as to show the relationship among programs, files, input and output in a system. |
|
|
