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| An increase in functional capacity of muscles and other bodily tissues as a result of increased stress (overload) placed upon them. |
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| The automatic tendency to maintain a relatively constant internal environment |
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| The chemical processes occurring within a living cell or organism that are necessary for the maintenance of life. Some substances are broken down to yield energy for vital processes while other substances, necessary for life, are synthesized. |
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| The building up in the body of complex chemical compounds from simpler compounds (e.g., proteins from amino acids). |
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| The breaking down in the body of complex chemical compounds into simpler ones (e.g., amino acids to individual proteins). |
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| The base rate of metabolism that your body seeks to maintain; results in your basal metabolic rate. |
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| The minimum energy required to maintain the body’s life function at rest. Usually expressed in calories per hour per square meter of the body surface. |
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| The amount of energy released when food is digested. |
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| The heat liberated from a particular food is thus a measure not only of its energy content but also of its tendency to be burned as heat. |
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| Respiratory quotient (RQ) |
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Definition
A method of determining the “fuel mix” being used giving us a way to measure the relative amounts of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins being burned for energy.
The formula for calculating RQ is:
RQ = volume of CO2 expired ÷ volume of O2 utilized |
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| ATP and CP provide anaerobic sources of phosphate-bond energy. The energy liberated from hydrolysis (splitting) of CP re-bonds ADP and Pi to form ATP. |
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| Glucose is broken down to produce energy anaerobically. |
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| Oxygen combines with lactic acid resynthesizing glycogen to produce energy aerobically. |
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| A byproduct of glycolysis. |
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| A series of reactions in which fatty acids are broken down. |
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| Citric acid cycle; a set of 8 reactions, arranged in a cycle, in which free energy is recovered in the form of ATP. |
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| The passing of electrons over a membrane aiding in a reaction to recover free energy for the synthesis of ATP. |
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