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the distance that light can travel in one year
(6 trillion miles) |
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| the portion of the universe that we can potenitally observe |
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| revolution around a focus point |
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| earth's average orbital distance |
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backward tracking of the planets orbit
(wrong ideaology) |
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| idea that earth was in the center of the universe |
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(retrograde motion)
idea that each planet had a unique orbit around earth, and the line of the orbit was also the focus for another orbit the planet followed. |
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| in 1543, published the idea that the sun was in the center of the solar system |
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first to observe a supernova
created HUGE observatory |
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| discovered the planets moved on ellipses, not circular, orbits |
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the smaller the eccentricity of an ellipse, the closer it is to a circle.
when eccentricity is 0, a circle is found |
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| Kepler's First Law of Motion |
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Definition
| The sun the the center of the solar system and each planet orbits the sun on an elliptical path, with the sun as one focus |
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| the point at which a planet is closest to the sun |
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| point where planet is furthest from the sun |
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| Kepler's Second Law of Motion |
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Definition
| as each planet orbits around the sun, it sweeps out equal areas in equal times |
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| Kepler's Third Law of Motion |
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Definition
The further a planet is from the sun, the slower its average speed will be.
given by -> p^2=a^3
where p=(planet's orbital period)
and a=(average distance from the sun) |
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Term
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Definition
| how far an object will go in a certain amount of time |
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| the speed and the direction of an object |
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| the rate of change in an object's velocity |
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an objects resistance to change in motion
given by -> mass x velocity |
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| the force a scale measures when you stand on it |
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| Newton's First Law of Motion |
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Definition
| if an object has no net force, it will remain at constant velocity |
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Definition
acceleration depends on an object's mass and the strength of a net force
given by-> F = m x a |
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| Newton's Third Law of Motion |
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Definition
| for every force, there is an equal and opposite force |
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| Law of Conservation of Energy |
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Definition
| at all times, all energy adds up to be the same number. |
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Term
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Definition
Energy of motion
given by-> (1/2) x m x v^2 |
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Stored Energy or Gravitational Energy
given by-> (1/2) x m x d^2 |
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| average KE of an object's particles |
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the amount of potential energy contained in mass
given by-> E=mc^2 |
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| Gravitational Force Equation |
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Definition
G(M1 x M2)/(d^2)
G = gravitational constant = 6.67x10^-11 |
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| orbits where an object keeps going around the same focus object |
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| paths that bring one object closer to another, JUST ONCE |
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