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| god, the focus of islam, the sole authority |
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| the stories of muhammad's life and his sayings are preseved in a cast, not fully authenticated literature called the hadith |
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| one who calls the people to prayer from a high place |
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| migration of muslims from mecca to medina |
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| in the circumstances that followed muhammad's death, his steadfast friend abu bakr was elected the first caliph, or successor to the prophet |
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| sentence chanted in the ear of a Muslim infant "there is no god but God and Muhammad is the Messenger of God" |
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| the grade i'm going to get on this test |
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| associating anything else with divinity except God |
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| ungratefulness to God, unbelief, atheism |
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| scholars who devote their lifetimes to developing this knowledge |
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| spiritual tithing and almsgiving |
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"striving" struggle against the lower self. |
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| fighter in the path of God, one who values the path of God more than life. no desire for worldly power, wealth, or prestige. |
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| also involved resistance to the legalistic, intellectual trends within Islam in its early development. |
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| blessing, sacred power, passed down from the shaykh to the shaykh |
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| protected people allowed to maintain their own faith, but not to try to convert others to it. |
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| gaurdians of the faith and pervasive force holding ilamic society |
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| the fatmids broke with islamic tradition and persecuted these people. they also destroyed the church of the holy sepulcher in jerusalem |
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| those who seek to establish Islamic states in which the sovereignty of God is supreme |
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| reasoned interpretation, independent judgment by a qualified scholar. |
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a legal opinion issued by an authority according to a particular school of law. |
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| Muhammad's youngest wife, who was the source of many Hadith |
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| the first sura of the qur'an |
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| a traditional report about the prophet's sayings or actions |
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| the journey of the prophet from Mecca to Medina in 622 ce |
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| prohibition of images in art to prevent distortion of allah's reality, sometimes leading to the destruction of images. |
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| a muslim prayer leader, and a shi'ite religious leader |
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| authoritative chain of transmission of a hadith |
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| the muslim term for struggle, with two meanings; an inner struggle against evil, and an outer struggle for a Muslim social order. |
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| Muhammad's first wife, who supported him when he received prophecies |
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| the holy city of islam whose ka'ba is the goal of hajj pilgrimages |
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| the philosophy that ultimately only one substance exists underneath the multiplicity of appearances |
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| sacred building for Muslim worship, usually an open-roofed rectangle with towers (minarets) for calling prayer. |
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| muhammad's visionary journey to jerusalem and up through seven heavens to allag to receive revelations |
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| islamic prayer five times a day, and especially ritual worship at mosque on friday noon |
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| the divine law, as interpreted by judges, based on qur'an and hadith |
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| muslim mystical tradition; some say islamic only, some say universal |
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| the Muslim community as a whole. |
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