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| green water fed by underground water |
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| desert herders who live in tents and eat dried fruits and nuts. Rarely will eat meat, as their animals are much too valuable to be used as food. |
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| traveling merchants who travel in groups |
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| also known as Mecca, the holiest place in Arabia, where Islam began |
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| low square building where Arabs believed the great stone inside is from heaven. Pilgrims make a journey to visit the Kaaba. |
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| born in Makkah and said to have been visited by an angel who told him to preach Islam |
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| "surrendering to the will of Allah" |
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| is the Arabic word for "God" |
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| Madinah (also known as Yathrib) |
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| means "the city of the prophet." Muhammad and his followers journeyed to this city to preach the word of Islam. |
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the journey of Muhammad and his followers to Yathrib. The word comes from Arabic and means "breaking off relationships" |
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| means successor to the Messenger of God |
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an empire ruled by caliphs from A.D. 661- A.D. 750 |
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located in present day Syria In ancient times, Damascus was the capital of the Umayyad empire |
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| country with more Muslims than any other nation in the world |
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| west African city which became the leading center of Muslim learning |
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| believe that Ali should succeed Muhammad and that All future caliphs should be Ali's descendants |
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| outnumber Shiites and accepted the Umayyad dynasty as the rightly caliphs |
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dynasty that came after the Umayyad dynasty |
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"holder of power" The Seljuk Turks let the Abbasid caliphs remain the religious leaders of the empire. The Seljuk ruler, or sultan, was in charge of the government. |
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| capital of the Abbasid empire |
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| Like the Seljuks, the Ottomans called their leader a sultan. The most famous sultan was Suleiman I. He was a brilliant general who was enthusiastic about building schools and mosques. |
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| a group of people who created a Muslim empire in India |
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| brought peace and order to Mogul empire in India |
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| brought paper, gunpowder, and fine porcelain from China to India |
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| Abbasid caliph who founded the House of Wisdom in Baghdad |
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| lived from A.D. 865-A.D. 925 and developed a system for categorizing substances as animal, mineral, or vegetable |
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| Persian doctor who showed how diseases spread from person to person |
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| towers of mosques where a crier, or announcer calls believers to prayer five times a day |
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| announcer of prayer times |
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India- location of the Taj Mahal The Mogul ruler Shah Jahan built it as a tomb for his wife after she died in 1629 |
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| Persian poet who wrote the Rubaiyat |
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| Muslim historian who wrote in 1375 that all civilizations rise, grow, and then fall. |
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