Term
"The focus of psychological science is the attempt to relate overt responses to observable environmental stimuli."
This statement is most closely associated with what approach?? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of research design is most appropriate for establishing a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The science of psychology is typically dated from the establishment of the late-nineteenth-century Leipzig laboratory of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which control procedure would be most appropriate in evaluating the behavioral change produced by a drug? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The statement "response latency is the number of seconds that elapses between the stimulus and the response" is an example of? |
|
Definition
| An Operational Definition |
|
|
Term
| The release of a neurotransmitter into the snyaptic cleft is caused by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A neuron is said to be polarized when |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Down syndrome is caused by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many pairs of chromosomes are contained in most human cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Damage to an individual's parietal lobes would most likely result in |
|
Definition
| A reduced sensitivity to touch |
|
|
Term
| In adults, total sensory deprivation for long periods of time produces |
|
Definition
| Hallucinations and impaired effciency in all areas of intellectual functioning |
|
|
Term
| The opponent-process theory in vision best explains |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The receptors for hearing are the |
|
Definition
| Hair cells on the basilar membrane |
|
|
Term
| Brain waves during REM sleep generally appear as |
|
Definition
| Rapid low-amplitude waves |
|
|
Term
| What type of sleep pattern becomes less prevalent as one moves from infancy to adulthood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to current psychological research, hypnosis is most useful for which of the following purposes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Checking the coin return every time one passes a pay telephone or a vending machine is a type of behavior probably being maintained by what type of reinforcement |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Making the amount of time a child can spend playing video games contingent on the amount of time the child spends practicing the piano is an illustration of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which strategy would undermine the effectiveness of punishment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A teacher tells a child to sit down in class. Over the course of several days, the child is standing up more and more frequently, only to be told to sit down each time. It is most likely that the teacher's reprimands are serving as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following is a secondary enforcer?
1. Food
2. Warmth
3. Water
4. Money
5. Sex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Shortly after learning to associate the word "dog" with certain four-legged furry animals, young children will frequently misidentify a cow or a horse as a dog. This phenomenon is best viewed as an example of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If on the last day of a psychology class, a student is asked to remember what was done in class each day during the term, she will likely be able to remember best the activities of the first and last class meetings. This situation is an example of |
|
Definition
| The serial position effect |
|
|
Term
| Proactive interference describes a process by which |
|
Definition
| Prior learning interferes with subsequent learning |
|
|
Term
Research has shown that students generally perform better if tested in the same room where they did their learning. This shows the importance of which of the following in memory?
1. Insight
2. Preparedness
3. Context
4. Invariance
5. Rehearsa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| According to information processing theory, information is progressively processed by |
|
Definition
| Sensory memory, short-term memory, and then long-term memory |
|
|
Term
| One theory of the effects of arousal holds that efficiency of behavior can be described as an inverted U-shaped function of increasing arousal. Describe this relationship... |
|
Definition
| Low and high levels of arousal lead to poorest performance. |
|
|
Term
Which of the following presents a pair of needs from Abraham Maslow's hierarchical need structure in order from lower to higher need?
A. Belongingness, safety
B. Self-actualization, physiological needs
C. Physiological needs, safety
D. Esteem, b |
|
Definition
| Physiological needs, safety |
|
|
Term
| In an approach-avoidance conflict, as the person nears the goal, the levels of attraction and aversion change in which ways? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following has been identified as correlating most closely with heart disease?
A. Anxiety
B. Physical overexertion
C. Guilt
D. Muscle tension
E. Hostility |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In which of the following areas does psychological research show most clearly that girls develop earlier than boys?
A. Independence from parents
B. Athletic competence
C. Intellectual achievement
D. Adolescent physical growth spurt
E. Self-act |
|
Definition
| Adolescent physical growth spurt |
|
|
Term
| Developmental psychologists would most likely prefer longitudinal research designs to cross-sectional research designs because longitudinal designs... |
|
Definition
| utilize the subjects as their own experiemental controls |
|
|
Term
| A young child breaks her cookie into a number of pieces and asserts that "now there is more to eat." In Piaget's analysis, the child's behavior is evidence of... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A school psychologist informs a ninth-grade teacher that Jimmy "identifies" with his twelfth-grade brother. What the psychologist means is that Jimmy tends to... |
|
Definition
| accept his brother's values and imitate his behavior |
|
|
Term
| According to Elisabeth Kubler-Ross, what is the correct order of the stages for confronting impending death? |
|
Definition
| Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, acceptance |
|
|
Term
| When insulted by a friend, Sally's first impulse was to strike him. Instead, she yelled loudly and kicked a door several times. This means of reducing aggresive impulses exemplifies what type of behavior? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Carl Jung is associated with which concept? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Erik Erikson's and Sigmund Freud's theories of personality development are most similar in that they both |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lawrence is pessimistic, rigid, and moody. In terms of Hans Eysenck's personality dimensions, Lawrence would be classified as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The key distinction between a personality trait and an attitude is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A diagnosis of schizophrenia typically includes what symptom? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The term etiology refers to the study of what aspects of an illness? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An obsession is defined as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A somatization disorder is characterized chiefly by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Personality disorders are characterized by |
|
Definition
| Inflexible and maladaptive responses to stress, and problematic social relationships |
|
|
Term
| Research on the effectiveness of psychotherapy has indicated that |
|
Definition
| nondirective techniques are generally superior to directive ones |
|
|
Term
| What kind of therapy attempts to correct irrational beliefs that lead to psychological distress? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An individual undergoing psychotherapy shows improvement due only to that person's belief in the therapy and not because of the therapy itself. This result illustrates a |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can be a significant side effect of electroconvulsive therapy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI's) are used primarily in the treatment of what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Similarity, proximity, and familiarity are important determinants of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The bystander effect has been explained as |
|
Definition
| Diffusion of responsibility |
|
|
Term
| According to Robert Sternberg, love is composed of |
|
Definition
| Intimacy, passion, commitment |
|
|
Term
| Job satisfaction has an inverse relationship with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An attribution that focuses on an individual's ability or personality characteristics is described as |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| True or false: A test can be reliable without being valid? |
|
Definition
|
|
