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| A type of ceremony performed at weddings, exorcisms, and funerals where priests write petitions to celestial beings appealing for assistance to the departed. |
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| A type of ceremony performed for the renewal of the community and in honor of deities, such as Lao Tzu, or ancestral spirits. |
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| Chinese sage who is believed to have composed the writings and teachings of the philosophies of Confucianism. |
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| The interpretation of natural signs like the formation or direction of flight of a flock of birds to predict the future or receive divine guidance. |
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| In Confucianism it is yin and supplies humanity with raw materials for food, clothing, shelter, medicine, and tools. |
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| Seven men and one woman venerated as human beings who attained immortality by perfectly balancing yin and yang. |
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| The casting out of demons. |
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| The practice of using astronomical details and geomancy, the study of the contours of land and the flow of water, to determine the flow of Qi in an environment. |
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| The honor that children owe to their parents. |
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| Foundational Confucian literature that consists of pre-Confucian texts containing poetry, divination, history, wisdom sayings, epigrams, instructions for ritual performance, art, music, and teachings of Confucian sages. |
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| A system of relationships created by Confucius that recognizes and sanctions unequal relations of dominance and submission. |
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| Confucian and post-Confucian literature, it constitutes the canonical literature of Confucianism; it is composed of The Analects, The Great Learning, The Doctrine of the Mean, and The Mencius. |
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| A virtue similar to the Hindu principle of ahimsa, meaning do no harm. |
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| The primary virtue similar to the Buddha's Middle Way; it is the belief that balance and harmony facilitate the perfection of the self and that the best way to live in harmony with the Tao is by carrying out social duties. |
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| According to the Book of Changes, it represents the yang principle and refers to the forces of the sky, sun, wind, rain-natural forces from above. |
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| A book produced to assist in the art of divination that contains about 64 hexagrams whose analysis gives directions about life. |
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| The Confucian moral ideal of the superior man. |
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| Evil spirits that frequented the night and abounded in darkness and dark places. |
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| Man ascribed with founding Taoism in the sixth century B.C.E. |
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| Means proper performance or piety; it represented doing what is right in a given situation and should govern all aspects of life. |
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| Teacher of Confucianism who stressed the goodness of human nature more than Confucius and drew insights from Taoism. |
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| Religious Taoism centered on monks and monasteries, founded by Wang Zhe in the twelfth century C.E. as a synthesis of Taoism, Confuciansim, and Buddhism. |
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| Taoism concentrated on deep reflection on the mysteries of the way of nature; its basic teachings can be found on the Tao Te Ching and Zhuangzi. |
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| A system of parishes headed by priests throughout China founded by Zhang Daoling. |
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| The life impulse related to consciousness. |
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| Taoism that demonstrates a keen interest in immortality, magic, elixirs, fantastic feats, longevity, and good fortune, |
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| A characteristic of the superior man, it is a sense of compassion and empathy toward others. |
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| Good spirits that related to the sun, light, and sky that were invoked for prosperity, health, good luck, and deliverance from evil spirits. |
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| The principle of mutual reciprocity that shows consideration for the feelings and needs of others. |
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| A virtue that follows from actionless action. |
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| A slow dance meant to promote harmony and longevity that is widely practiced in China and throughout the world. |
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| The mysterious force that guides all reality |
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| The Classic of the Way and its power that purportedly contains the philosophy and teachings of Lao Tzu. |
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| A mental practice that focuses attention on a mental object such as an imagined image. |
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| A divine moral order; the source of all moral and ethical precepts. |
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| Effortless action that implies that we ought to avoid taking unnecessary action. |
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| Confucianism teacher who believed that humans were naturally selfish and required training and social rules to learn to behave correctly. |
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| Opposite but complementary forces in the universe that account for every object and every event. |
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| Teacher and writer that systematized Confucianism. |
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| A Taoist philosopher who expounded on the teachings of Lao Tzu and wrote the second great classic of Taoism, the Zhuangzi. |
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| The second great classic of Taoism that consists of continuing the return to nature advocated by Lao Tzu. |
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