Term
| What are the 3 functions of the nervous system? |
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Definition
1) Gathers information or SENSORY INPUT via sensory receptors
2) Through INTEGRATION, it processes and interprets the sensory input and decides what, if any, actions should be taken
3) It produces a response or MOTOR OUTPUT, activating effector organs |
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Term
| What are the two divisions of the nervous system? |
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Definition
1) Central nervous system (CNS)
2) Peripheral nervous system (PNS) |
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Term
| What is the central nervous system composed of? |
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Definition
| the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
| This nervous system is the integrative and control centers of the body |
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Definition
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Term
| composed of structures such as cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia, and plexuses |
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Definition
| Peripheral nervous system |
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Term
| where does the cranial nerve originate? |
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Definition
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Term
| where does the spinal nerve originate? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| groups of neuron cell bodies not in CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| intermingling of neuron cell process from ventral rami of different cord levels |
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Term
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Definition
| a collection of nerve axons found in the peripheral nervous system |
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Term
1) neuroglia, glia, or supporting cells
2)Neurons |
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Definition
| what are the two types of cells in the nervous tissue? |
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Term
1) neuroglia, glia, or supporting cells
2)Neurons |
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Definition
| what are the two types of cells in the nervous tissue? |
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Term
1) neuroglia, glia, or supporting cells
2)Neurons |
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Definition
| what are the two types of cells in the nervous tissue? |
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Term
1) neuroglia, glia, or supporting cells
2)Neurons |
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Definition
| what are the two types of cells in the nervous tissue? |
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Term
1) neuroglia, glia, or supporting cells
2)Neurons |
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Definition
| what are the two types of cells in the nervous tissue? |
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Term
1) neuroglia, glia, or supporting cells
2)Neurons |
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Definition
| what are the two types of cells in the nervous tissue? |
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Term
| neuroglia, glia, or supporting cells |
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Definition
| this type of nervous tissue cell supports neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| this type of nervous tissue cell is the excitable cell, it transmits electrical impulses or action potential impulses for communication; supported by neuroglia cells |
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Term
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Definition
| how many different types of neuroglia cells are there? |
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Term
1) Astrocytes
2) microglia cell
3) ependymal cells
4) oligodendrocyte |
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Definition
| what are the four types of neuroglia cells in the central nervous system (CNS) |
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Term
1) Schwaan cells
2) Satellite cells |
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Definition
| what are the two types of neuroglia cells in the peripheral nervous system? |
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Term
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Definition
| most abundant type of neuroglia cell |
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Term
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Definition
| protects CNS by differentiating into microphages that participate in phagocytosis |
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Term
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Definition
| lines cavities in brain and spinal cord that contain cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) |
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Term
| responsible to producing myelin sheath in the central nervous system |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| responsible for making myelin sheath in the peripheral nervous system |
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Term
1) cell body
2) dendrite(s)
3)axon |
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Definition
| what is the basic structure of a neuron (3 components) |
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Term
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Definition
| the main function: biosynthetic center of neuron; contains organelles like the rough endoplasmic reticulum to make protein especially |
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Term
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Definition
| main function: main receptive or main input regions of a neuron |
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Term
| can have one or more dendrites |
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Definition
| how many dendrites can a neuron have? |
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Term
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Definition
| main function: conducting region of neuron, as it can generate action potentials (nerve impulses) and transmit them |
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Term
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Definition
| what is another name for axon? |
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Term
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Definition
| how many axons can a neuron have? |
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Term
| axon terminal; when the impulse reaches axon terminal, it causes the release of a chemical) (ex. neurotransmitter) into another neuron or an effector cell (ex. muscle or gland cell) |
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Definition
| what is at the end of an axon? |
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Term
1) multipolar neurons- 3 or more processes
2) bipolar neurons- 2 processes- dendrite and axon (rare)
3) unipolar neurons- 1 process- axon |
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Definition
| what are the three types of neurons based on structure |
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Term
| motor or efferent neuron or an interneuron or association neurons |
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Definition
| what type of neuron can a multipolar neuron be based on function? |
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Term
| sensory or afferent neurons; special sense organs- eye, in nasal cavity, in ear |
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Definition
| what kind of neuron can a bipolar neuron be based on function? |
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Term
| sensory neurons; bringing in general information- temperature, touch, etc. |
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Definition
| what type of neuron can a unipolar neuron be based on function? |
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Term
1) sensory or afferent neuron
2) motor or efferent neuron
3) interneurons or association neurons |
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Definition
| what are the 3 types of neurons based on function? |
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Term
| Sensory or Afferent neurons |
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Definition
| this type of neuron travels towards the central nervous system |
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Term
| motor or efferent neurons |
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Definition
| this type of neuron moves away from the central nervous system |
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Term
| interneurons or association neurons |
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Definition
| this type of neuron can be found between motor and sensory neurons |
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Term
1) Neuron processes (specifically axons)
2) myelin- PRODUCED BY SCHWANN CELLS
3) connective tissue
4) blood vessels
5) lymphatic vessels |
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Definition
| what are the five things that a nerve contains? |
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Term
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Definition
| type of connective tissue that covers the axon with or without the myelin sheath |
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Term
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Definition
| forms fasciles- covers axons with or without myelin sheaths that are bundled together |
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Term
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Definition
| type of connective tissue that contains the endoneurium, perineurium (all the fascicles), and blood vessels |
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Term
| sensory (afferent nerves) |
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Definition
| contain only sensory fibers; transmit nerve impulses only towards CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| contain only motor fibers; transmit nerve impulses only towards CNS |
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Term
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Definition
| contain both sensory and motor fibers; the sensory fibers transmit nerve impulses only towards CNS, while the motor fibers transmit nerve impulses only away from CNS; MOST COMMON |
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Term
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Definition
| how many cranial nerve pairs are there? |
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Term
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Definition
| how many spinal nerve pairs are there? |
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Term
| trunk, upper limbs, and lower limbs |
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Definition
| what are the 3 general innervations of the spinal nerve pairs? |
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Term
1) 18 cervical
2) 12 thoracic
3) 5 lumbar
4) 5 sacral
5) 1 coccygeal |
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Definition
| what are the 5 different categories of the 31 pairs of spinal nerves? |
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Term
| from the union of a dorsal root and ventral root |
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Definition
| how is a spinal nerve formed? |
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Term
| sensory or afferent fibers |
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Definition
| what kind of fibers does the dorsal root contain? |
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Term
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Definition
| what kind of fibers does the ventral root contain? |
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Term
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Definition
| forms the major plexuses in the body |
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Term
1) cervical plexus - C1 to C4
2) brachial plexus - C5 to T1 (5,6,7,8,1)
3) lumbar plexus - T12 to L4 (12, 1, 2, 3, 4) sacral plexus - L4 to S4 (4,5,1,2,3,4) |
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Definition
| what are the 4 plexuses of the ventral rami? |
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Term
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Definition
| become intercostal nerves (or subcostal nerve T12) |
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Term
| innervates lateral and anterior aspect of trunk (sensory and motor) and upper and lower limbs |
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Definition
| what is the innervation of T1-T12 (in ribs)? |
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Term
| allow new nerves to be formed; ventral rami will merge; no synapses-- axons will regroup themselves to form new nerves to create new nerves |
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Definition
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Term
| it eliminates complete paralysis of an limb muscle when one spinal segment or root is damaged |
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Definition
| what is the advantage of plexuses being able to allow new nerves to be formed? |
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Term
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Definition
| a collection of neuronal cell bodies located in the peripheral nervous system |
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Term
| a bundle of axons in the CNS is called a tract while a bundle of axons in the PNS is called a nerve |
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Definition
| what is the difference between a nerve and a tract? |
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