Term
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Definition
| A relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge due to experience. |
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Term
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Definition
| A procedure in which a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that triggers a reflexive response until the neutral stimulus alone comes to trigger a similar response. |
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Term
| Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) |
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Definition
| A stimulus that triggers a response without conditioning. |
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Term
| Unconditioned response (UCR) |
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Definition
| The automatic, unlearned, reflexive reaction to a stimulus. |
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Term
| Conditioned stimulus (CS) |
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Definition
| An originally neutral stimulus that now triggers a conditioned response. |
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Term
| Conditioned response (CR) |
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Definition
| The response triggered by the conditioned stimulus. |
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Term
| Taste-aversion conditioning |
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Definition
| The previously neutral stimulus (the food) is paired with an unconditioned stimulus (an illness), which leads to an unconditioned response (feeling sick). After this one-time pairing, the previously neutral stimulus (the food) is now a conditioned stimulus that elicits a conditioned response (avoiding the food). |
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Term
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Definition
| A procedure in which responses are learned on the basis of their rewarding or punishing consequences. |
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Term
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Definition
| The reinforcement of responses that come successively close to some desired response. |
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Term
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Definition
| Events or stimuli that satisfy physiological needs basic to survival. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rewards that people or animals learn to like. |
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Term
| When is punishment effective |
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Definition
| First, to prevent the development of a general fear of the punisher, specify why punishment is being given .Second, emphasize that the behavior, not the person, is being punished. Third, without being abusive, make sure the punishment is immediate and noticeable enough to eliminate the undesirable response. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism learns a new concept in its life, however, the knowledge is not immediately expressed. Instead, it remains dormant, and may not be available to consciousness, until specific events/experiences might need this knowledge to be demonstrated. |
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Term
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Definition
| Learning by watching the behavior of others. |
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Term
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Definition
| Learning by the repeated practice of the skill. |
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