Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Intro to Public Admin
Final Exam - All mult choice
140
Political Studies
Undergraduate 1
04/26/2017
Click here to study/print these flashcards.

Create your own flash cards! Sign up here.

Additional Political Studies Flashcards

 

 

Cards

Term
The main components of bureaucratic responsibility are
 Definition
accountability and ethical behavior.
Term
The branches of the American government operate in a way that produces ____ controller(s) of bureaucratic accountability.
 Definition
many
Term
Carl J. Friedrich argued that __________ were critical for ensuring accountability; Herman Finer argued in favor of ____________.
 Definition
professional norms; legal standards.
Term
According to the author, an ethical government should begin with
 Definition
ethical public servants.
Term
Bureaucracy is a feature of the public sector, not the private sector.
 Definition
false
Term
Political scientist John Gaus agreed with Woodrow Wilson that separating politics from administration could be done by enacting laws that gave elected officials control to guide policy that administrators would simply carry out.
 Definition
false
Term
Finer and Gaus were mostly similar in their writings on Accountability.
 Definition
false
Term
The delegation to and supervision of activities by third parties-government, profit-oriented corporations, and nonprofits-is called
 Definition
administration by proxy
Term
One of the impediments to bureaucratic accountability is that policymakers
 Definition
often do not want maximum control over administrators.
Term
Rule of Law became and even more effective tool or safeguard to ensure accountability as government took on more relationships with third-party interests.
 Definition
false
Term
Local governments tend to concentrate tend to focus on__________, state governments tend to focus on _________, and the federal government tends to focus on __________.
 Definition
goods and services; being the intermediary; national defense and the transfer function.
Term
Direct government includes the provision of goods and services, whereas indirect government emphasizes all of the following EXCEPT
 Definition
interest on the national debt
Term
____ allow one level of government to provide financial assistance to another level.
 Definition
grants
Term
Which level of government plays the intermediary role in the system's finances by, among other things, managing programs at one level of government and distributing aid to yet another level of government?
 Definition
???????????? state ????????
Term
Regulation is considered to be an _________ tool of government action.
 Definition
indirect
Term
According to the author, as of 2008, there were ____ contractors for every U.S. Soldier supporting the United States in the Afghanistan War.
 Definition
2.2
Term
Local governments have primary responsibility for funding all of the following EXCEPT
 Definition
highways
Term
According to the text, hospital care is primarily a __________ responsibility.
 Definition
mixed
Term
The use of third-party agents to deliver programs that the government funds is
 Definition
government by proxy
Term
Unlike federal spending, state spending patterns have
 Definition
remained constant
Term
Unlike federal spending, state spending patterns have
 Definition
false
Term
The rule of law differentiates _______ from _______ more than oversight and performance management.
 Definition
public organizations; private organizations
Term
Dwight Waldo and Woodrow Wilson were the earliest public administration scholars, each writing around the 1890s.
 Definition
false
Term
The study of _____ is the study of government bureaucracy.
 Definition
public administration
Term
Unlike the private sector, the public sector is accountable to each of the following EXCEPT
 Definition
international organizations
Term
According to scholar Nicholas Henry ______ was the period where the Politics-Administration Dichotomy was rejected and there was a loss of confidence in the principles of public administration.
 Definition
1938-1950
Term
Government's role in society is so pervasive that it was termed "the administrative state" by ______ in 1948.
 Definition
Dwight Waldo
Term
All of the following are categories of the different processes that distinguish public organizations from private organizations EXCEPT
 Definition
policy formation
Term
Each of the following explains increased administrative action in policy formation EXCEPT
 Definition
the decreased role of legislative involvement
Term
Woodrow Wilson's view on ________ has created a lasting scholarly debate.
 Definition
the neutrality of public administration
Term
Generally there is consensus among scholars on the approach to organization that works best and is the best fit to the public sector.
 Definition
false
Term
The structural approach and systems theory fail to account for
 Definition
workers' happiness
Term
Gulick and _____ represent the structural approach.
 Definition
Weber
Term
Systems theory is concerned with all of the following EXCEPT
 Definition
principals and agents
Term
All of the following are challenges to structuralist perspectives and systems theory EXCEPT
 Definition
the hierarchical challenge
Term
_______is the central problem of political societies who must determine who has it and how it is distributed.
 Definition
power
Term
Weber and ________ represent the structural approach.
 Definition
Gulick
Term
Systems theory emphasizes the effect of interest groups on an organization.
 Definition
false
Term
________________________ rests on the belief in the sacredness of immemorial traditions.
 Definition
traditional authority
Term
A doctrine of the classical school states that organizations can be structured according to all of the following EXCEPT
 Definition
structure
Term
Federal departments are the operating organizations within federal bureaus.
 Definition
false
Term
The text notes that President Franklin D. Roosevelt was primarily responsible for the
 Definition
expansion of the white house staff
Term
Hugh Heclo (1975) observed that OMB's job requires ______________
 Definition
neutral competence
Term
The Internal Revenue Service and the Federal Highway Service are examples of
 Definition
bureaus
Term
According to the author, e-government allows agencies to operate in a __________ even, ___________ network, which offers the chance for creating new virtual strategies.
 Definition
loose, invisible
Term
Independent Agencies account for about __________ of the federal government's employees.
 Definition
one-tenth
Term
Since the Brownlow Committee's proposal in 1937 the size and power of the Executive Office has dramatically
 Definition
grown
Term
The last federal government agency to be created was the Department of _________ in ________
 Definition
Homeland security, 2002
Term
Which cabinet department employs the most people?
 Definition
defense
Term
Renewing motor vehicle registration online is most associated with
 Definition
e-government
Term
Staff and line activities are synonymous.
 Definition
false
Term
Four methods cited by the author for achieving horizontal cooperation include _________, _________, ______________, and _____________.
 Definition
inter-agency agreements; inter-agency committees; lead agency formula; clearance procedure
Term
Neutral competence restructuring efforts in government have focused on all of the following EXCEPT
 Definition
creating interest group panels
Term
Iron triangles align congressional committees with departments or bureaus and
 Definition
interest groups
Term
According to organizational theory, conflict stems from a mismatch of any of the following agency bases EXCEPT
 Definition
executive
Term
Of the following choices, what determines which issues get priority?
 Definition
structure
Term
All of the following are part of the general administrative puzzles that American government uses to solve the dilemmas brought on by coordination EXCEPT
 Definition
representativeness
Term
______ seeks to bring two warring agencies before a person with the formal authority to make a decision.
 Definition
vertical coordination
Term
Employees who manage the core functions of an agency are staff officials. Those who support their work are line officials.
 Definition
false
Term
_______ are created to establish specific boundaries and to clarify agencies' tasks.
 Definition
inter-agency agreements
Term
_______ are created to establish specific boundaries and to clarify agencies' tasks.
 Definition
true
Term
Reinventing Government and the Taxpayer Bill of Rights are examples of which type of reform?
 Definition
downsizing
Term
Hammer and Champy emphatically argue that re-engineering is the same as downsizing.
 Definition
false
Term
According to the text, the fundamental precepts of reengineering contradict the fundamental precepts of
 Definition
both downsizing and continuous improvement
Term
Most of the cost savings from Gore's National Performance Review would be tied to a reduction of federal employees.
 Definition
false
Term
The central method used in the continuous improvement approach is
 Definition
cooperation
Term
Reengineering advocates _________ reform, in direct contrast to continuous improvement, which insists __________ reforms are best to improve organizations.
 Definition
top down, bottom up
Term
Although all governments across the globe are reforming public administration, the most noteworthy and successful transformations have occurred in
 Definition
developed nations
Term
Process, product, organization, leadership, and commitment are the tenets of
 Definition
total quality management
Term
The central ideas of public administration reform tend to come from the private sector.
 Definition
true
Term
Over the past forty years, the number of state and local government employees has increased and the number of federal government employees has
 Definition
decreased
Term
______ can occur when government agencies try to seek higher classifications for existing positions.
 Definition
grade creep
Term
______ is the process that determines the expertise, level of difficulty, and level of responsibility necessary for a particular job.
 Definition
position classification
Term
The following provision that "No officer or employee in the executive branch of the Federal Government, or any agency or department thereof, shall take part in political management or political campaigns" is a major provision of the _______________
 Definition
Hatch Act
Term
Equity between public and private issues does not extend beyond pay-rate comparability.
 Definition
false
Term
Revolving-door restrictions allow federal employees to move easily between federal agencies and private-sector businesses with which they have conducted official government business.
 Definition
false
Term
Both AIDS testing and urine testing of government employees are associated with
 Definition
the right to privacy
Term
Veterans - both disabled and not disabled - receive equal preference points when competing for federal positions.
 Definition
false
Term
The Obama administration's hiring reform strategies have included using the KSA "knowledge, skills, and abilities" essay as the centerpiece of their selecting new hires.
 Definition
false
Term
______ prohibits federal workers from being involved in political campaigns.
 Definition
the Hatch Act
Term
All of the following have launched major human capital campaigns EXCEPT the
 Definition
the National Academy of Public Administration
Term
Focusing on the agency's mission and actually "getting results" can make it easier to devise an
 Definition
effective personnel system
Term
In 1996 Governor Zell Miller of Georgia abolished
 Definition
the state's merit system
Term
The development of a strategy to recruit and retain the workers the government needs and to ensure that they produce strong and effective government programs describes which issue?
 Definition
human capital
Term
The Senior Executive Service has experienced all of the following problems EXCEPT
 Definition
a lack of federal government experience among its employees
Term
The government has failed in building human capital partly because of
 Definition
weak performance management systems
Term
______ collapses the typically large number of job categories in most government personnel systems into a far smaller number.
 Definition
broadbanding
Term
The development of human capital begins _________________
 Definition
congress
Term
According to Terry Moe there is a mismatch between the public's _____and ________which leads to a greater number of political appointments.
 Definition
expectations of a president; the limited resources available
Term
According to the text, broadbanding introduces all of the following risks EXCEPT
 Definition
the reduced number of job categories
Term
______ is a major weakness of the rational approach.
 Definition
lack of complete information
Term
One problem with the major decision-making approaches is that they tend to focus on a single value.
 Definition
true
Term
The public-choice approach focuses on intimate involvement from
 Definition
political activists
Term
The ______ approach processes decisions as inputs and outputs.
 Definition
rational
Term
Participative decision-making seeks to improve decision-making by involving markets.
 Definition
false
Term
Each major decision-making approach fails to account for
 Definition
crises
Term
According to Francis E. Rourke, public support for an agency's decision most often comes from two different sources; an agency's ______ and ________.
 Definition
mass public, attentive publics
Term
A proponent of the ______ approach would utilize an advisory committee of private citizens for decision making.
 Definition
participative
Term
______ is the way to resolve conflicts by pulling and hauling among decision makers with different views.
 Definition
partisan mutual adjustment
Term
Administrators must deal with two main issues, _______ and ______ in their approach to decision making.
 Definition
information, values
Term
Bottom-up budgeting differs from top-down budgeting in that the former
 Definition
emphasizes incrementalism
Term
Articulated by his book published in 1936, the theory that government can use the budget to steer the economy can be attributed to
 Definition
John Maynard Keynes
Term
Prior to 1921, ______ provided the primary leadership during the federal budget process.
 Definition
congress
Term
Congress mainly uses legislative controls and ______ to restrain executive discretion.
 Definition
limits on executive impoundment
Term
The national debt is
 Definition
a deficit accumulated over time
Term
The Incrementalism theorist _____________ argue that __________ budgeting techniques best answer how to allocate scare resources.
 Definition
Wildavsky, bottom up
Term
Monetary policy focuses management of __________ and ________ supply.
 Definition
interest rates, money
Term
The Congressional Budget Office is the congressional equivalent to the president's Office of Management and Budget.
 Definition
true
Term
By often drafting appropriations acts as narrowly as possible, Congress attempts to
 Definition
reduce the possibility that the president will exercise the authority to impound.
Term
The president prepares the overall budget and ______ oversee(s) federal budget appropriations.
 Definition
congress
Term
Federal and state programs do not hide information from one another because of existing laws.
 Definition
false
Term
Concerns about the execution of laws fostered the beginning of a new field of study called
 Definition
implementation
Term
Congress almost always provides funding for program evaluations.
 Definition
false
Term
Implementation of federal programs never includes state and local governments
 Definition
false
Term
Which of the following methods is a way to obtain regular, high-quality feedback?
 Definition
formal program evaluation
Term
All of the following are considered implementation problems EXCEPT
 Definition
whistle-blowing
Term
Contracting in America first came into use wide use during the first Gulf War.
 Definition
false
Term
According to _________________ "the essence of the grant system is that it entails achievement of federal objectives ________________."
 Definition
Martha Derthick, by proxy
Term
Formal program evaluation is an ineffective method of providing regular, high quality feedback.
 Definition
false
Term
Which of the following strategies of intergovernmental assistance gives the recipient relatively narrow discretion in how the money may be used?
 Definition
categorical grant
Term
The courts have tended to attribute intentions to Congress that are not apparent in the language of statutes.
 Definition
true
Term
The courts have tended to attribute intentions to Congress that are not apparent in the language of statutes.
 Definition
social or economic
Term
Each methods is used to invoke courts' regulation of the regulators EXCEPT
 Definition
partial preemption
Term
Regulation that prevents monopolies and unfair methods of competition is referred to as
 Definition
antitrust laws
Term
State and local governments can regulate only with the involvement of the federal government.
 Definition
false
Term
In contrast to government agencies that develop agendas of priorities to bring about certain goals, the role of the courts in the regulatory system is largely passive, because
 Definition
they depend on other parties to bring cases before them and rule on those cases.
Term
The three main values that are the basis for regulatory administration are
 Definition
procedural fairness, sound decisions, and policy achievement.
Term
Regulatory administration revolves around all of the following main values EXCEPT
 Definition
cost reductions
Term
_______ occurs when administrative law judges within the agencies hear individual cases.
 Definition
adjudication
Term
A is a private lawsuit for money damages, usually brought against a private person or corporation.
 Definition
class action
Term
Compared with other countries, the U.S. congressional staff ranks ______ in terms of the number of its legislative staff.
 Definition
second
Term
Congress ____________ power to the bureaucracy to administer the law.
 Definition
delegates
Term
According to the text, appropriations committees may have the most impressive credentials for oversight but
 Definition
their effectiveness in carrying out oversight remains relatively weak.
Term
In 2004 the GAO changed the key part of its name from _______ to ________.
 Definition
accounting to accountability
Term
Since 1965, congressional staffs have ______________ in size.
 Definition
doubled
Term
Each of the following is an element of systems that holds public administrators accountable EXCEPT
 Definition
redundancy
Term
GAO is led by the _____________
 Definition
Comptroller General
Term
According to the text, the surest course to an ___________ public administration is a __________.
 Definition
ethical, careful balance
Term
Authorizing committees have the most impressive control of administration.
 Definition
false
Term
Administrative confidentiality covers the protection of ____________ and _____________.
 Definition
private information, internal documents
Supporting users have an ad free experience!