Term
| pharmacology: definition, what subjects is it composed of |
|
Definition
study of interaction of chemicals with living systems
combines biochemistry, pathophysiology, molecular biology, microbiology, and organic chemistry |
|
|
Term
| hoq is the success of a drug measured (3) |
|
Definition
| insturments (BP cuff), lab tests on fluid or tissue, observation of pt symptoms |
|
|
Term
| how does a doc choose a drug? 9 criteria |
|
Definition
| patient population of the specility (knowledge of drugs), decide if the new drug is really bettwe, experimentation, experience, variability of the patient, lab results, emergent or non emergent results needed, patient status changes, drug interactions/multiple illnesses |
|
|
Term
| what biological differences may alter choice in drug (4) |
|
Definition
| body size, personal response to drug, patient preferences, age |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| substance that acts on libing systems at a chemical or molecular level |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| molecular component a drug interacts with |
|
|
Term
| define medical pharmacology |
|
Definition
| study of drugs for diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of disease |
|
|
Term
| define toxicology: what is its root subject, what substances does it include |
|
Definition
study of undersiable effects of chemicals on living systems
part of pharmacology
deals with industrial pollutants, organice and inorganic poisons, and other chemicals |
|
|
Term
| define pharmacodynamics: what are three types of examples of subjects within this topic |
|
Definition
action of a drug in the body
receptor interactions, dose response (side effects), mechanism of theraputic and toxic action |
|
|
Term
| define pharmacokinetics: what processes does this involve |
|
Definition
actions of the body on a drug
absorption, distribution, biodisposition (metabolism and excretion) |
|
|
Term
| define therapeutic inxex: what is a aka |
|
Definition
margin of safety
measure of how safe a drug is |
|
|
Term
| how is the TI calculated: give equation and word definition |
|
Definition
ratio of dose that causes toxicity in 50% of the population to dose that causes clinical response in 50% of the population
TI=TD50/ED50 |
|
|
Term
| explain how the number given for TI is interperteted |
|
Definition
small TI is bad. if very small it could mean even putting doses too close together could cause overdose
example: TI of 10 means 10xED becomes toxic |
|
|
Term
| when is a pharmological response the greatest |
|
Definition
| when the concentration of the drug at the point of action is the highest |
|
|
Term
| what are the three ways to name drugs, how is each determined, which do we care about |
|
Definition
chemical: molecular structure (dont care)
generic: US adopted name council (comlex cares)
trade: drug company (we care sometimes) |
|
|
Term
| what qualifies drug pregnacy category A |
|
Definition
| safe, no risk to fetus in any trimester |
|
|
Term
| what qualifies drug pregnacy category B |
|
Definition
| mostly safe, animal studies may show risk but human studies dont |
|
|
Term
| what qualifies drug pregnacy category C |
|
Definition
| unsure if safe, benifit may outweigh risk, there were no studies |
|
|
Term
| what qualifies drug pregnacy category D |
|
Definition
| will harm fetus, positive evidence of fetal risk, only use if benifit to mom > risk to fetus |
|
|
Term
| what are examples of drugs in category d |
|
Definition
| ACEI, ARBs, anticonvulsants |
|
|
Term
| what qualifies drug pregnacy category X |
|
Definition
| never use will harm fetus, animal or human studies show fetal abnormalities, risk always > benifit |
|
|
Term
| what are examples of drugs in category X |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when prescribing a drug in category X at any time, what needs to be done |
|
Definition
| inform female patient not to get pregnant |
|
|
Term
| what is another way to say a drug harms the fetus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of the controlled substance act |
|
Definition
| regulate manufacture, distribution, dispensing, and use of all CNS drugs |
|
|
Term
| which drugs are an exception to the controlled substance act |
|
Definition
| alcohol, tobacco, and states can make more strict laws |
|
|
Term
| schedule C-I: abuse potential, when allowed and warnings, when it can be used, examples |
|
Definition
highest abuse potential
no medical use allowrd, only experimental
heroin, LSD, marijuna, PCP |
|
|
Term
| schedule C-II: abuse potential, when allowed and warnings, when it can be used, examples |
|
Definition
high abuse potential
may cause dependence, accepted for medical use, no refills allowed, perscription must be signed
morphine, amphetamine, fentaynl |
|
|
Term
| schedule C-III: abuse potential, when allowed and warnings, when it can be used, examples |
|
Definition
moderate abuse potential
may cause moderate dependence, accepted medical use, perscription may be phoned in, no more than 5-6 refills
codine for pain, steroids, sedatives, stimulants |
|
|
Term
| schedule C-IV: abuse potential, when allowed and warnings, when it can be used, examples |
|
Definition
less abuse potential
no restrictions for medical use, perscription can be phoned in, no more than 5-6 refills
benzodiazepine |
|
|
Term
| schedule C-V: abuse potential, when allowed and warnings, when it can be used, examples |
|
Definition
least abuse potential
no medical restrictions, can be bought OTC sometimes
codine for cough |
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 categories of drug characteristics |
|
Definition
| physical, size, reactivity/bonding, shape |
|
|
Term
| what are the possible physical characterisics of drugs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does the size of a drug affect its function |
|
Definition
related to specific receptor
related to ability to move within the body, smaller can cross more selective barriers (BBB, placenta) |
|
|
Term
| what types of bonds to drugs use to bind to their receptors from strongest to weakest |
|
Definition
| covalent, ionic, hydrogen, dipole dipole, hydrophobic interactions |
|
|
Term
| covalent bond: strength, effect on drug, proportion of drugs with them |
|
Definition
strong irreversible bond
not common
drug that binds covalently is long lasting because it is hard to remove |
|
|
Term
| what is the major difference in the function of strong vs weak bonds in drugs |
|
Definition
strong bonds only have one bond making it more likley that they will bind something else that isnt the receptor
weak bonds have multiple bonds to the receptor, making it less likley something other than the intended receptor will have the exact configuration to accomodate all those bonds |
|
|
Term
| why is drug shape important, what is the main thing about shape we are concerned about |
|
Definition
| important for proper binding, chirality or steriosmerism is the most important part of shape |
|
|
Term
| what does it mean for a drug when it has multiple enatiomer possabilities |
|
Definition
| one will fit the receptor and will work the best, the others may be toxic, useless, too susceptible to metabolism |
|
|
