Term
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Definition
Master control of Communication system
-3 overlapping functions |
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Term
| What are the 3 overlapping functions of NS? |
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Definition
1. sensory receptors monitor changes inside and outside body
2. Processes and interprets sensory input
3. Dictates a response by activating effector organs |
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Term
1. sensory receptors monitor changes inside and outside body
-What are the changes/gathered info? |
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Definition
Change= stimulus
Gathered info= sensory input |
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Term
2. Processes and interprets sensory input
-What makes decisions? |
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Definition
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Term
3. Dictates a response by activating effector organs
-What is a response? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the basic divisions of the NS? |
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Definition
Central NS
and
Peripheral NS |
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Term
| What does the CNS include? and functions? |
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Definition
| Brain and spinal cord, integrating and command center |
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Term
| What does the PNS include? and functions? |
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Definition
Outside the CNS, nerves extending from brain and spinal cord (cranial and spinal nerves)
-peripheral nerves link all regions of the body to the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
1. Afferent
2. Efferent
3. Interneurons |
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Term
| What are afferent neurons? |
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Definition
info toward CNS
-sensory neurons
-cell bodies outside of CNS in sensory ganglia
-central processes enter dorsal aspect of spinal cord |
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Term
| What are efferent neurons? |
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Definition
infor away from CNS
-motor neurons
-axons exit the ventral aspect of spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
located totally within CNS
-synapse with sensory neurons |
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Term
| How are sensory signals picked up? |
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Definition
by sensory receptors
-carried by afferent nerve fibers of PNS to CNS |
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Term
| What do motor/efferent signals do when carried away from CNS? |
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Definition
| -innervate muscles and glands. |
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Term
| How are sensory input and motor output divided? |
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Definition
according to region they serve
-somatic body region= outside ventral body cavity
-visceral body region= inside ventral body cavity |
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Term
| What does the divisions of the sensory input and motor output result in? |
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Definition
4 main subdivisions:
1. somatic sensory
2. visceral sesnory
3. somatic motor
4. visceral motor |
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Term
| Functions of Somatic sensory: |
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Definition
Modality- something sensed
1. general somatic senses- receptors are widely spread (touch, pain, vibration, pressure, temperature)
2. Special somatic senses- receptors are restricted to head (hearing, balance, vision, smell)
3. Proprioceptive senses- detect stretch in tendons and muscle (body sense- position and movement of body in space) |
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Term
| Functions of Visceral sensory: |
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Definition
1. General visceral senses- stretch pain, temperature, nausea, hunger (widely felt in digestive and urinary tracts/reproductive organs)
2. Special visceral senses- taste |
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Term
| Functions of somatic motor: |
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Definition
General somatic motor- signals contraction of skeletal muscles
-voluntary control
-aka "voluntary nervous system" |
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Term
| Functions of visceral motor: |
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Definition
Regulates contraction of smooth and cardiac muscle, secretion of glands
Makes up the autonomic nervous system
Controls functions of visceral organs
Often called involuntrary nervous system |
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Term
| How many neurons in human body? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a specialized cell that conducts electrical impulses along the plasma membrane- action potentials |
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Term
| What is the longevity of a neuron? |
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Definition
| can live and function for a lifetime |
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Term
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Definition
| they do not divide- fetal neurons lose their ability to undergo mitosis; neural stem cells are an exception |
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Term
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Definition
| An abundant oxygen and glucose supply- they have a high metabolic rate |
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Term
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Definition
| synapses- sites of communication between cells. |
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Term
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Definition
elaborate cell junctions
signals pass across synapse in one direction |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| conducts signal toward a synapse |
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Term
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Definition
transmits electrical activity away from synapse
membranes have receptors for NT |
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Term
| What are the types of Synapses? |
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Definition
Axodendritic
Axosomatic
Axoaxonic |
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Term
| What is an axodendritic synapse? |
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Definition
Between axon terminals of one neuron and dendrites of another
-most common type |
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Term
| What is an axosomatic synapse? |
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Definition
| between axons and neuronal cell bodies |
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Term
| What is an axoaxonic synapse? |
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Definition
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Term
| What and where are synaptic vesicles? |
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Definition
On presynaptic side:
-membrane bound sacs containing NT
-Mitochondira abundant in axon terminals |
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Term
| What is the synaptic cleft? |
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Definition
| seperates the plasma membrane of the two neurons |
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Term
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Definition
| NT released into synaptic cleft; diffuses to second neurons; binds to receptors on membrane of second neuron |
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Term
| How are signals carried by neurons? |
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Definition
plasma membranes of neurons conduct electrical signals
Resting neuron membrane is polarized
Inner, cytoplasmic side is negatively charged
Stimulation of the neuron= depolarization
Impulse travels the length of axon
Electical signals= Action Potentials |
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Term
| What is the basic function of NS? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
rapid, automatic response
-can be viseceral or somatic
-visceral include smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
-somatic include skeletal muscle |
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Term
| 5 components of Reflex arc: |
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Definition
1. receptor (site where stimulus acts)
2. sensory neuron (transmits afferent impulses to CNS
3. Integration center (one or more synapses in CNS)
4. Motor Neuron (conducts efferent impulses from integration center to an effector)
5. Effector- muscle or gland cell (Contracting or secreting) |
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Term
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Definition
Monosynaptic reflex
Polysynaptic reflex |
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Term
| What is a monosynaptic reflex? |
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Definition
simplest of all reflexes
-just one synapse
-fastest
-ex: knee-jerk |
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Term
| What is a polysnaptic reflex? |
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Definition
More common type
-most have single interneuron between the sensory and motor neuron
-ex: withdrawl reflexes |
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