Term
| 1. _____ is the formation or presence of a new, abnormal growth of tissue. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 2. _____ is any new and abnormal growth, specifically one in which cell multiplication is uncontrolled and progressive (tumor). |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3. Pheochromocytomas are benign tumors of the _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4. Pheochromocytomas cause the adrenal medulla to secrete excess _____ which causes _____. |
|
Definition
| CATECHOLAMINES; HYPERTENSION |
|
|
Term
| 5. _____ is a swelling of any part of the body, generally without inflammation, caused by an abnormal growth of tissue… can be benign or malignant. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 6. _____ is the study and treatment of tumors. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 7. _____ neoplasms are a localized tumor that has a fibrous capsule with a limited potential for growth, a regular shape, and the cells are well differentiated. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 8. _____ neoplasms are a tumor that has great potential for growth with undiffentiated cells… they are able to spread from one tissue to other tissues of the body. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 9. _____ is the ability to change/develop from a relatively generalized to a specialized tissue… the degree of resemblance of a tissue to the tissue of origin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 10. Benign tumors are _____ differentiated. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 11. Malignant tumors are _____ differentiated or _____. |
|
Definition
| UNDIFFERENTIATED OR APLASTIC |
|
|
Term
| 12. 7 characteristics of anaplasia. |
|
Definition
| 1) CELLULAR PLEOMORPHISM, 2) HYPERCHROMATISM OF NUCLEI, 3) PROMINENT NUCLEOLUS, 4) FREQUENCY OF MITOSES, 5) PRESENCE OF NUCLEAR PLEOMORPHISMS, 6) DISORIENTATION OF CELLULAR ARCHITECTURE, 7) METASTASIS |
|
|
Term
| 13. Patients with _____ neoplasms are more likely to survive for a longer period of time or may be completely cured with treatment. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 14. Patients with a _____ neoplasm are more likely to experience a lower survival rate and/or increased risk of mortality. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 15. All neoplasms have 2 components which are _____ and _____. |
|
Definition
| PARENCHYMA AND SUPPORTIVE STROMA |
|
|
Term
| 16. _____ is a component of a neoplasm that consists of the proliferating neoplastic cells by which the tissue is named. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 17. _____ is a component of a neoplasm that consists of fibrous connective tissue, blood vessels and lymphatics. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 18. If the stromal component of a neoplasm is minimal, the neoplasm will be _____ and _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 19. If there is an abundance of stroma in a neoplasm, the neoplasm will be dense and hard which is called _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 20. Benign neoplasms in non-glandular epithelium are called _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 21. Benign neoplasms in glandular epithelium are called _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 22. Malignant neoplasms in non-glandular epithelium are called _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 23. Malignant neoplasms in glandular epithelium are called _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 24. Benign tumors of fibrous tissues are called _____, while malignant tumors are called _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 25. Benign tumors of fat are called _____, while malignant tumors are called _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 26. Benign tumors of vascular tissue are called _____, while malignant tumors are _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 27. Benign tumors of smooth muscle are _____, while malignant tumors are _____. |
|
Definition
| LEIOMYOMA; LEIOMYOSARCOMA |
|
|
Term
| 28. Benign tumors of striated muscles are called _____, while malignant tumors are _____. |
|
Definition
| RHABDOMYOMA; RHABDOMYOSARCOMA |
|
|
Term
| 29. Benign tumors of bone are called _____, while malignant tumors are called _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 30. Benign bone tumors of cartilage are called _____, while malignant tumors are called _____. |
|
Definition
| CHRONDROMA; CHONDROSARCOMA |
|
|
Term
| 31. Malignant tumors of lymphoid tissue are called _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 32. Malignant tumors of white blood cells that arise form bone marrow are called _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 33. _____ are malignant tumors of the melanocytes in the skin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 34. _____ are malignant germ cell tumors. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 35. _____ is a teratoma of the skin that contains skin, hair follicles, and sweat glands. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 36. Dermoid cysts most commonly occur in the _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 37. _____ is the infiltration and destruction of surrounding local tissues by a neoplasm. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 38. How do benign neoplasms grow? |
|
Definition
| THEY GROW IN AN EXPANDING MANNER TO LOCALIZED TISSUES |
|
|
Term
| 39. _____ of benign tumors tends to contain the benign neoplasm as a discrete and easily movable mass that can often be surgically excised. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 40. How do malignant neoplasms spread? |
|
Definition
| THEY INVADE AND DESTROY SURROUNDING TISSUES |
|
|
Term
| 41. _____ is the invasive nature of neoplasms which allows them to penetrate into blood vessels, lymphatic’s, and body cavities thus providing the opportunity for spread of the neoplasm to a distant anatomical territory. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 42. Metastasis unequivocally marks a neoplasm as _____ as benign neoplasms do not metastasize. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 43. Approximately _____% of newly diagnosed patients with solid malignant neoplasms clinically present with metastasis. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 44. Metastatic spread of neoplasms strongly reduces the possibility of a _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 45. 3 pathways of metastatic spread. |
|
Definition
| 1) DIRECT SEEDING, 2) LYMPH SPREAD, 3) HEMATOGENOUS SPREAD |
|
|
Term
| 46. _____ is the classic form of direct seeding. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 47. 4 tissue changes which share features with neoplastic disease. |
|
Definition
| 1) HYPERPLASIA, 2) METAPLASIA, 3) DYSPLASIA, 4) TUMOR GIANT CELLS |
|
|
Term
| 48. _____ is disorderly, but non-neoplastic proliferation of cells with a loss of uniformity of individual cells and a loss of architecture. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 49. 7 local tissue effects of neoplasms. |
|
Definition
| 1) SWELLING, 2) IRRITATION, 3) BLOOD VESSEL DAMAGE, 4) ULCERATIONS, 5) VISCERAL DAMAGE, 6) NECROSIS, 7) INFECTIONS, 8) COMPROMISED ORGAN FUNCTION |
|
|
Term
| 50. _____ is a systemic effect of neoplasias only seen in malignancies. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 51. _____ is the loss of fat and muscle caused by macrophages releasing TNF causing the breakdown of fat and protein. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 52. 3 systemic effects of neoplasms. |
|
Definition
| 1) CACHEXIA, 2) SECRETION OF HORMONES, 3) HYPERCALCEMIA |
|
|
Term
| 53. Benign neoplasms release _____ hormones. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 54. Malignant neoplasms release _____ and _____ hormones. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 55. _____ hormones are native to the tissue of origin. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 56. _____ hormones are not normally produced by the local tissue affected. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 57. 3 different types of tumors that cause hypercalcemia. |
|
Definition
| 1) PRIMARY BONE NEOPLASM, 2) METASTASIS TO BONE, 3) PTH SECRETING NEOPLASM |
|
|
Term
| 58. _____ are syndromes in which symptoms mask the underlying neoplasm. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 59. 3 types of paraneoplastic syndromes. |
|
Definition
| 1) ENDROCRINOPATHIES, 2) NEUROMYOPATIES, 3) VASCULAR DISORDERS |
|
|
Term
| 60. 2 endocrinopathies that cause ectopic hormone production. |
|
Definition
| 1) CUSHINGS CAUSING ACTH PRODUCTION BY LUNG CANCER, 2) HYPERCALCEMIA CAUSING PARATHYROID HORMONE PRODUCTION BY LUNG CANCER |
|
|
Term
| 61. In _____, lung carcinoma tumor cells elicit antibody formation, and the antibodies to tumor cells cross react with neuronal endings. |
|
Definition
| NEUROMYOPATHIES (MYASTHENIC SYNDROME) |
|
|
Term
| 62. _____ disorders cause thrombosis as a result of increased synthesis of coagulation proteins induced by malignant cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 63. ____ is a drug used to stop metastatic spread. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 64. 3 steps in how avastin works. |
|
Definition
| 1) DECREASED ANGIOGENESIS, 2) STARVES THE CANCER, 3) DECREASES RISK FOR METASTATIC SPREAD |
|
|
Term
| 65. It is important that we identify _____ before it becomes neoplastic. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 66. 4 procedures doctors perform to identify dysplasia before it becomes neoplastic. |
|
Definition
| 1) PAP-SMEAR, 2) MAMMOGRAM, 3) COLONOSCOPY, 4) BIOPSY |
|
|
Term
| 67. _____ is when a piece of the colon flips over and creates spasm causing ischemia. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 68. Intussusception of the colon can result in _____ if it is not detected in an early manner. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 69. Intussusception of the colon can lead to these 4 disorders. |
|
Definition
| 1) ADENOCARCINOMA OF THE COLON, 2) FECAL MATTER ACCUMULATION, 3) INFLAMMATION OF THE BOWELS, 4) COMPROMISED ORGAN FUNCTION |
|
|
Term
| 70. _____ is the anorexia of death that is associated with HIV infections. It has nothing to do with cancer or lymphoma, but it is receded in patients with AIDS. |
|
Definition
|
|
