Term
| A thickened area containing the cell's nucleus and organelles. AKA soma or perikaryon |
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Definition
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Term
| Thin, tube-like structures projecting from the soma |
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Definition
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Term
| Project a short distance from the soma and contain protein receptors to receive signals from other neurons |
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Definition
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Term
| Dendritic branches of a single neuron |
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Definition
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Term
| Singular projection that may extend a great distance within the nervous system |
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Definition
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Term
| Small elevation projecting from soma |
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Definition
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Term
| An uninsulated portion of the axon that is rich in voltage-gated sodium channels |
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Definition
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Term
| Terminal bouton/ the end of an axon |
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Definition
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Term
| intracellular connections with other neurons |
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Definition
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Term
| Small vesicles filled with chemicals within terminals |
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Definition
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Term
| Supporting cells of the CNS and far more numerous |
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Definition
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Term
| What 4 things are glial cells responsible for? |
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Definition
1) Regulating chemicals in ECS
2) Myelinating neurons
3) Lining ventricles
4) Phagocytosis+ repair |
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Term
| Performs complex processing of sensory information and conducts motor responses |
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Definition
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Term
| Internal fluid filled spaces shown in coronal section of brain filled with CSF |
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Definition
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Term
| Part of cortex rich in neuronal cell bodies that give the tissue a light grey color |
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Definition
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Term
| Part of cortext rich in myelinated axons and are lighter colored. Collections of tracts/fasciculi |
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Definition
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Term
| Major pathway for axons crossing between cerebral hemispheres; also one of the primary white matter structures |
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Definition
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Term
| Major pathway between cerebral hemispheres and are more caudal structures |
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Definition
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Term
| Serve to increase surface area of the cerebral cortex |
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Definition
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Term
| Deeper, more consistent sulci |
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Definition
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Term
| CSF circulates out of the ventricles over the surface of the brain and spinal cord and empties into the bloodstream through |
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Definition
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Term
| Regulates and processes somatic information, sensation, and motor function. The "switchboard" |
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Definition
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Term
| Parts of the diencephalon |
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Definition
1) Thalamus
2) Hypothalamus
3) Epithalamus
4) Subthalamus |
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Term
| Primary brain center for autonomic nervous system regulation |
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Definition
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Term
| Group of nuclei in the brain that are involved in motor processing |
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Definition
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Term
| Associated structures of the basal ganglia |
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Definition
Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Globus Pallidus
Subthalamic nucleus
Substantia Nigra |
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Term
| Located in the medial temporal lobe and is involved in memory consolidation |
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Definition
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Term
| Consists of two hemispheres and vermis. Uses complex sensory information to unconsciously modulate motor activity. |
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Definition
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Term
| The CNS interface or primitive brain. Processes sensation and some special senses. Controls somatic moor and parasympathetic (autonomic) output+ respiration, heart rate |
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Definition
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Term
| The rostral portion of the brain stem that controls eye movement through CN III IV |
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Definition
| Midbrain of the brainstem |
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Term
| Contains nuclei for communication between cerebrum and cerebellum; also nuclei for CN V, VI, VII, VIII |
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Definition
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Term
| Caudal portion of the brainstem. Controls consciousness, autonomic control for heart rate and breathing, and CN IX, X, XI, XII |
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Definition
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Term
| Interface for CNS via peripheral nerves. Sends and receives info. via axons (tracts), that receive sensory info., modulate motor activity, modulate autonomic activity |
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Definition
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Term
| Connective tissue membranes that surround the brain and spinal cord |
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Definition
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Term
| Two layers of the dura mater |
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Definition
Periosteal layer- adheres to bony walls of cranium
Meningeal layer- forms "reflections" that conform more closely to the brain and divide it into cranial cavity compartments |
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Term
| Fold that lies between the cerebrum and cerebellum in the transverse fissure; separates the cavity into supratentorial and infratentorial compartments |
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Definition
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Term
| Fold that lies within the longitudinal cerebral fissure; divides the supratentorial compartment into two halves; lies in posterior cranial fossa between cerebellar hemispheres |
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Definition
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Term
| Forms roof of hypophyseal fossa and surrounds the pituitary stalk |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the main venous drainage channels for the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Attached margin of tentorium cerebelli |
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Definition
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Term
| Attached edge of falx cerebri; drains into right transverse sinus |
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Definition
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Term
| Free edge of falx cerebri |
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Definition
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Term
| At attachment of flax cerebri and tentorium cerebelli; drains into the left transverse sinus |
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Definition
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Term
| Attached margin of flax cerebelli on the occiput |
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Definition
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Term
| Formed by the junction of the straight sinus, superior sagittal sinus, and both transverse sinuses |
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Definition
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Term
| Venous sinuses, particularly the superior sagittal sinus, provides drainage of CSF via |
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Definition
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Term
| Dura mater is innervated by afferents of |
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Definition
Trigeminal nerve
Upper cervical spinal nerves |
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Term
| Irritation in supratentorial compartment tends to refer pain to the |
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Definition
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Term
| Irritation in the infratentorial compartment tends to refer pain to the |
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Definition
| Back of the head and neck |
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Term
| Supplies cranial dura mater and is a branch of the maxillary artery; travels between periosteal dura and bony skull; are the impressions left on the inner surface of the skull |
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Definition
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Term
| Fx. of the pterion may result in damage to which artery? |
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Definition
Middle meningeal artery which forms an epidural hematoma
*Recall that epidural hematoma occurs between the skull and dura mater |
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Term
| Avascular, loosely adherent to the inner border of dura mater |
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Definition
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Term
| Separates the external chemical environment from the CSF |
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Definition
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Term
| Fibroblasts that travel through the subarachnoid space to join with pia below to help suspend the brain within the cranium |
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Definition
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Term
| How does infectious meningitis spread? |
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Definition
Through subarachnoid space with CSF
Bacterial is caused by Streptococcus pneumonia or Neisseria meningitis and it's potentially fatal
Viral is caused by fungi or parasitic and it's generally self limiting |
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Term
| How is the composition of CSF altered during infectious meningitis? |
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Definition
1) WBC count increases
2) Protein increases
3) Glucose concentration decreases in bacterial |
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Term
| What are 4 signs of infectious meningitis? HLFS |
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Definition
Headache
Lethargy
Fever
Stiff neck |
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Term
| Adherent to most contours of the brain and generally not observed on gross examination |
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Definition
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Term
| When pial cells follow blood vessels a short distance and penetrate into the parenchyma forming an envelope of perivascular space |
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Definition
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Term
| Blood collection in the space between the dura and arachnoid mater; when "bridging veins" or superficial cerebral veins tear when entering the dural sinuses |
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Definition
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Term
| Which bones make up the anterior cranial fossa? |
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Definition
| Frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid |
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Term
| Perforated cribiform plates form centrally into the cristal galli (L. Cock's comb) and provides an attachment for the |
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Definition
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Term
| What forms the posterior border of the anterior cranial fossa? |
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Definition
| Lesser wing of the sphenoid bone and sphenoid limbus )AKA the body of the sphenoid)and Sphenoid limbus which is bounded posteriorly by prechiasmatic groove |
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Term
| The medial end of the lesser wing of the sphenoid, the anterior clinoid process, forms an attachment point for the |
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Definition
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Term
| What parts of the brain are associated with the anterior cranial fossa? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 3 bones form the middle cranial fossa? |
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Definition
| Sphenoid, temporal, parietal |
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Term
| What are the borders of the middle cranial fossa? |
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Definition
Anteriorly by the greater wings of the sphenoid
Posterior by the superior borders of the petrous temporal bones
Laterally by the squamous temporal bone |
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Term
| The middle cranial fossa consists of the |
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Definition
| Sella turcica in the midline and two deep concavities on each side |
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Term
| The hypophyseal fossa of the sellsa turcica is bounded |
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Definition
Anteriorly by tuberculum sellae
Posterior by dorsum sellae |
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Term
| Located behind the foramen lacerum near the apex of the petrous temporal bone |
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Definition
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Term
| Thin osseous plate that serves the dual purpose of forming the anterior surface of the petrous temporal bone and forming the roof of the tympanic cavity and mastoid process |
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Definition
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Term
| What lobes of the brain are in the middle cranial fossa? |
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Definition
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Term
| The diaphragm sella that attaches the A/P clinoid processes of the sella turcica in addition to the hypophyeal fossa, encapsulates |
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Definition
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Term
| What bones make up the posterior cranial fossa? |
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Definition
| Sphenoid, occipital, and temporal |
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Term
| What makes up the anterior border of the posterior cranial fossa? |
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Definition
| Superior borders of petrous temporal bones and dorsum sellae |
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Term
| What makes up the posterior border of the posterior cranial fossa? |
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Definition
| Internal occipital protuberance and the grooves for the transverse sinuses |
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Term
| What two structures serve as attachment sites for the falx cerebelli? |
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Definition
| Internal occipital crest and crista gali |
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Term
| Why is the optic nerve involved in intracranial pressure? |
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Definition
| Since the nerve is surrounded by meninges which includes the subarachnoid space, an increase in intracranial CSF pressure results in slow venous return and interferes with axoplasmic transport resulting in papilledema or swelling of the optic disc |
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Term
| Which nerves are susceptible to injury with increased intracranial pressure? |
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Definition
Oculomotor nerve because it exists midbrain and travels anterior to enter anterior edge of tentorium cerebelli
Abducent nerve because it exits brainstem in PCF and travels upward to entre the dural covering of the clivus. It travels over the superior edge of the petrous temporal bone. |
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Term
| What two structures are resting on the clivus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the brainstem is positioned between the supratentorials and infratentorial compartments? |
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Definition
| Midbrain of the brainstem |
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Term
| What is the relationship between volume and intracranial pressure? |
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Definition
| An increase in volume will lead to an increase in intracranial pressure. |
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