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| members of a suborder of Primates, the Anthropoidea. traditionally, the suborder includes monkeys, apes, and humans. |
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| referring to a trait or combination of traits present in an ancestral form. |
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| evolved for a particular function; usually refers to a specific trait (e.g., incisor teeth), but may also refer to the entire way of life of an organism. |
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| members of a suborder of Primates, the Prosimii. traditionally, the suborder includes lemurs, lorises, and tarsiers. |
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| grasping, as by the hands and feet of primates. |
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| the form (shape, size) of anatomical structures; can also refer to the entire organism. |
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| scientists who study the evolution, anatomy, and behavior of non-human primates. those who study behavior in noncaptive animals are usually trained as physical anthropologists. |
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| having a diet consisting of many kinds of foods, such as plant materials (seeds, fruits, leaves), meat, and insects. |
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| the condition whereby visual images are, to varying degrees, superimposed on one another. this provides dfor depth perception, or the perception of the external environment in three dimensions. stereoscopic vision is partly a function of structures in the brain. |
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| vision characterized by overlapping visual fields provided for by forward-facing eyes. essential to depth perception. |
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| two halves of the cerebrum that are connected by a dense mass of fibers. (the cerebrum is the large rounded outer portion of the brain.) |
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| different forms of sensation (e.g. touch, pain, pressure, heat, cold, vision, taste, hearing and smell). |
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| tree-living; adapted to life in the trees. |
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| the entire way of life of an organism; where it lives, what it eats, how it gets food, how it avoids predators, etc. |
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| the traditional view that primate characteristics can be explained as a consequence of primate diversification into arboreal habitats. |
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| the elevated portions (bumps) on the chewing surfaces of premolar and molar teeth. |
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| using all four limbs to support the body during locomotion; the basic mammalian (and primate) form of locomotion. |
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| a form of locomotion in which the body is suspended beneath the hands and support is alternated from one forelimb to the other; arm swinging. |
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| differences in physical characteristics between males and females of the same species. (e.g., humans are slightly sexually dimorphic for body size, with males being taller, on average, than females of the same population) |
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| period of sexual receptivity in female mammals (except humans), correlated with ovulation when used as an adjective, the word is spelled "estrous." |
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| having a diet composed primarily of fruits. |
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| mental capacity; ability to learn, reason, or comprehend and interpret information, facts, relationships, and meanings; the capacity to solve problems; whether through the application of previously acquired knowledge or through insight. |
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| members of the order of mammals Primates which includes prosimians, monkeys, apes and humans. |
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| referring to characteristics that are modified from the ancestral condition and thus are diagnostic of particular evolutionary changes. |
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| pertaining to the relationships between organisms and all aspects of their environment (temperature, predators, nonpredators, vegetation, availability of food and water, types of food, disease organisms, parasites, etc.) |
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| the study of the evolution of behavior, emphasizing the role of ecological factors as agents of natural selection. behaviors and behavioral patterns hae been favored because they increase the reproductive fitness of individuals (i.e., they are adaptive) in specific environmental contexts. |
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| the capacity to change. in a behavioral context, the ability of animals to modify actions in response to differing circumstances. |
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| the composition, size and sex ratio of a group of animals. social structures, in part, are the results of natural selection in specific habitats, and they guide individual interactions and social relationships. |
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| systems of social organization wherein individuals within a group are ranked relative to one another. higher-ranking animals have greater access to preferred food items than lower-ranking individuals. sometimes called "pecking orders." |
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| any act that conveys information, in the form of a message, to another individual. frequently, the result of communication is a change in the behavior of the recipient. communication may not be deliberate but may instead be the result of involuntary processes or a secondary consequence of an intentional action. |
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| sequences of repetitious behaviors that serve to communicate emotional states. nonhuman primates displays are most frequently associated with reproductive or agonistic behavior. |
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| pertaining to amicable associations between individuals. affiliative behaviors such as grooming reinforce social bonds and promote group cohesion. |
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| portions of an individual's or group's home range that are actively defended against intrusion, especially by members of the same species. |
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| the portion of a home range containing the highest concentration and most reliable supplies of food and water. the core area is defended. |
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| picking through fur to remove dirt, parasites, and other materials that may be present. social grooming is common among primates and reinforces social relationships. |
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| behavior that benefits another individual but at some potential risk or cost to oneself. |
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| a type of natural selection that operates on only one sex within a species. it's the result of competition for mates, and it can lead to sexual dimorphism with regard to one or more traits. |
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| a mating system wherein a female continuously associates with more than one male (usually two or three) with whom she mates. among nonhuman primates, polyandry is seen only in marmosets and tamarins. it also occurs in a few human societies. |
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| refers to the fact that organisms are related through common ancestry and that behaviors and traits seen in one species are also seen in other to varying degrees. when expressions of a phenomenon continuously grade into one another so that there are no discrete categories, they are said to exist on a continuum. color is such a phenomenon. |
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| of, relating to, or being aggressive or defensive social interaction |
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Regarding humans as the central element of the universe.
Interpreting reality exclusively in terms of human values and experience |
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| The biological study of the functions of living organisms and their parts |
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The act of killing an infant.
The practice of killing newborn infants.
One who kills an infant. |
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| The condition of a consort; fellowship; partnership |
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