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| core region of the cell containing the nucleus and other organelles for making proteins |
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| branching extension of a neuron's cell membrane that greatly increases the surface area of the cell and collects information from other cells |
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| "root", or single fiber, of a neuron that carries messages to other neurons |
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| protrusion from a dendrite that greatly increases the dendrite's surface area and is the usual point of dendritic contact with the axons of other cells |
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| junction of soma and axon where the action potential begins |
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| knob at the tip of an axon that conveys information to other neurons |
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| junction between one neuron and another neuron, usually between an end foot of an axon of one neuron and a dendritic spine of the other neuron |
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| neuron that carries incoming imformation from sensory receptors into the spinal cord and brain |
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| association neuron interposed between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron |
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| neuron that carries information from the brain and spinal cord to make muscles contract |
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| sensory neuron with one axon and one dendrite |
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| brain cell that brings sensory information from the body into the spinal cord |
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| distinctive interneuron found in the cerebral cortex |
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| distinctive interneuron found in the cerebellum |
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| nervous system cell that provides insulation, nutrients, and support and that aids in repairing neurons and eliminating waste products |
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| glial cell that makes and secretes CSF; found on the walls of the ventricles in the brain |
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| buildup of pressure in the brain and, in infants, swelling of the head caused if the flow of CSF is blocked; can cause retardation |
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| glial cell with a star-shaped appearance that provides structural support to neurons in the CNS and transports substances between neurons and capillaries |
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| mass of new tissue that grows uncontrolled and independent of surrounding structures |
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| the tight junctions between the cells that compose blood vessels in the brain, providing a barrier to the entry of large molecules into the brain |
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| glial cells that originate in the blood, aid in cell repair, and scavenge debris in the nervous system |
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| glial coating that surrounds axons in the central and peripheral nervous systems |
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| glial cells in the central nervous system that myelinate axons |
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| glial cell in the peripheral nervous system that forms the myelin on sensory and motor axons |
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| nervous-system disorder that results from the loss of myelin around neurons |
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| loss of sensation and movement due to nervous system injury |
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| opening in a protein embedded in the cell membrane that allows the passage of ions |
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| protein embedded in the cell membrane that allows a substance to pass through the membrane on some occasionas but not others |
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| protein in the cell membrane that actively transports a substance across the membrane |
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| alternate forms of a gene; a gene pair contains two alleles |
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| having two identical alleles for a trait |
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| refers to a normal phenotype or genotype |
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| alteration of an allele that yields a differnt verson of that allele |
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| inherited birth defect caused by a loss of genes that encode the enzyme necessary to break down certain fatty substances |
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| hereditary disease characterized by chorea and progressive dementia, ending in death |
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| chromosomal abnormality resulting in mental retardation and other abnormalities, usually caused by an extra chromosome 21 |
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| product of the genetic-engineering procedure of taking a gene from one species and introducing it into the genome of another species |
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