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| Literally, one who comes afterwards. The leaders of the Muslim community, after Muhammad. |
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| Non-Muslims living under Muslim rule; protected status. |
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| Individual duty, required of each Muslim. |
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| Collective duty, incumbent upon the community as a whole. |
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| A non-binding legal opinion, rendered by a mufti (person who renders a legal opinion) |
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| Jurisprudence, legal discourse, knowledge |
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| Jurists; those trained in the discipline of fiqh. |
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| The application of the law, as opposed to its sources (usul) |
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| A recounting of authoratative actions or sayings, words and deeds of the prophet as collected by his companions. 2 famous books are Al-Bukhari and Muslim. |
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| Most widespread of the four schools of Sunni law, dominant in Turkey, Eastern Med and South Asia. |
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| Least widespread of the four Sunni schools of law, dominant in Arabian peninsula. |
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| Forbidden; one of the five values of legal action. |
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| War in the generic sense, not necessarily Jihad. |
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| Consensus, usually of the scholars; the third authoritative source for Islamic Law, after Koran and Sunna. |
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| The exhaustive effort of a jurist (mujtahid) in investigating and deducing the law in a novel or unprecedented case. |
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| The leader of prayer or a congregation; a political leader. |
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| A lawful and legitimate war against non-muslims or, at times, muslims; any legitimate and just struggle. |
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| Tax imposed upon non-muslim subjects living under muslim rule. |
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| School of law, group of scholars sharing a common outlook on sources and their interpretation. |
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| Disapproved, reprehensible, one of the five legal categories. |
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| One of the four Sunni schools of law, dominant in North and West Africa. |
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| Allowable, indifferent, one of the five legal categories. |
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| A jurisconsult, authoritative person who renders a legal opinion (fatwa) in response to a query. |
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| A jurist who performs ijtihad or is qualified to perform ijtihad. |
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| A judge in an Islamic legal court. |
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| Reasoning by analogy, In Islamic law, jurists extend legal rulings by deriving the principle from one rule and applying that principle to another, analogous, situation. |
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| God's revelation to the Prophet Muhammad from the years 610-632 C.E.; the most authoritative document in Islam. |
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| One of the four Sunni schools of law, dominant in Egypt and Southeast Asia. |
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| Islamic law; the correct path of action as determined by God. |
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| A Muslim sect that differs from Sunnis in several ways, especially their veneration of the prophet's family, Imami Shi |
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| One concerned with the esoteric side of religious belief, a mystic. |
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| The second authoritative source for Muslims; the correct way of doing things; the Prophet's exemplary action as recorded in hadith. |
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| The majority sect of Muslims, as opposed to Shi'i. |
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| One of the 114 chapters of the Qur'an. |
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| Interpretation, usually of the Qur'an. |
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| Religious scholars, literally the people of knowledge. |
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| Muslim community, supercedes all other loyalties. |
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| Theoretical literature concerning authoritative sources, literally roots of jurisprudence. |
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| When was Muhammad given the command to "Recite!"? |
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| When did Muhammad perform the hijra? (Emigration from home town of Mecca to Medina) |
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| When did the unification of Mecca and Medina occur? |
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| What year did Muhammad die? |
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| When did the "four rightly guided caliphs" (Rashidun) begin? |
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| When did Abu Bakr come to power? |
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| When did Umar come to power? |
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| When did Uthman come to power? |
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| son-in-law of Muhammad and fourth caliph |
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| When did Ali come to power? |
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| When did the Muslims invade Egypt? |
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| When did the capital move to Damascus under Mu'awiya? |
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| When did the Umayyad empire begin? |
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| When did the Abbasid revolution begin and end? |
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| When was Baghdad founded? |
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-occurs during month of Ramadan
-lasts 40 days
-fasting from sunup to sundown, no food, water, cigarettes or sex.
-Is in the Qur'an
-Many social gatherings and feasts at night after sundown.
-Shi'i tradition to tell the story of Hussein's (Muhammad's Grandson) death.
-Ends with Eid al-Fitr (Eid) feast to celebrate the end of fasting. |
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