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| Purpose of the basic physical exam |
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Definition
| to establish and maintain a baseline of data about the patient |
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| 5 basic steps that occur during almost every patient physical exam |
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Definition
| measure of height and weight, blood pressure, patients temp, checking eyes, ears, nose and throat, ausculation |
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| easy to use, no moving of weights |
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| most accurate scale- with sliding bar adjustments |
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| scales for lifting and weighing patients |
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| scales for long term bedridden patients |
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| blood presssure device, very common to see in every room of a physician office |
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| high blood pressure, when heart contracts |
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| loiwest blood pressure, when heart relaxes |
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| pressure measuring device, an inflatable bladder within a cuff |
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| most common blood pressure instrument, needs to be calibrated at least 2x a year |
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| measure temperature, hospitals the largest users because patients need temperature recorded every 4-8 hours |
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| temp taken with a light stroke across the patients forehead, used for frequent temperature monitoring |
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| uses an adhesive strip that has been chemically treated, placed on the patients forehead for continuous reading, least accurate |
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| plastic strips with heat sensitive material, used for patients with high infection or high theft areas |
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| used to view the eye surface, detects blood vessel damage caused by diabetes or high blood pressure, can be full sized, pocket sized, or wall mounted |
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| measures pressure in the eye |
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| used to examine ears, nostrils, and sinus cavities |
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| listening for sounds within the body |
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Definition
| consists of a chest piece, a ninaural spring (meaning 2 ear pieces), a Y shaped tubing acting as the air tunnel, used for auscultation, new stethoscopes are digitally enhanced |
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| clinical laboratory improvement amendments of 1988, established quality standards for all lab testing, regardless of where it is performed |
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Definition
| do not require training, accurate |
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| spins lab samples using centrifugal force to separate portions of the specimen for analysis. USed to separate plasma from blood |
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Definition
| used to maintain lab samples at a constant temperature, usually colsed to 37* celcius (human body temp) |
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Definition
| Common in the lab, used to enlarge small objects (binocular- using both eyes) |
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| stores reagents, specimens and media plates |
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| a chemical agent for use in chemical reactions |
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| chemical that prevents blood from clotting |
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| Evacuated blood collection tubes |
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Definition
| prepared with a certain amount of negative pressure so they fill to a specified volume. Can have many different additives and are color coded |
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| Capillary blood collection |
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Definition
| collect small amounts of blood |
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Definition
| indicates the diameter of needle, the larger the gauge number the thinner the needle |
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| used for fingersticks and heel sticks |
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| study and treatment of blood |
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Definition
| read blood cells, carry oxygen to the body cells and remove CO2. |
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| white blood cells, also called leukocytes, help defend body |
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| also known as thrombocytes, involved in blood coagulation (clotting) |
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Definition
| complete blood count, a test that measures WBC count, RBC count, Hb count, Hct count and differential count |
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| the oxygen carrying component of blood |
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| percentage of red blood cells per given volume of blood |
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| Done with a blood smear, describes the shape size and staining of WBCs and RBC and an estimation of the platelet number |
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| used in hematology analysis |
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| examination of urine, important for patients with diabetes, UTIs, or kidney problems |
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| Cloudiness (usually measured in Urinalysis) |
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| Acid-base balance- usually measured in Urinalysis) |
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| degree of concentration or dilution of the specimen |
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| degree of concentration or dilution of the specimen |
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| upper respiratory infection |
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| A mocrobiology test involving the controlled growth of bacteria in a specimen |
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Definition
| A plate used during a culture that contains nutrients allowing bacteria to grow |
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| User-friendly tests that provide quick results. Used on urine, blood or other body fluids |
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| Measures the concentration of a substance in a biological liquid, help diagnose diseases such as HIV, cancer, thyroid conditions, prostate conditions |
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| Allow diabetics to monitor blood glucose levels |
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| lower tech alternative to glocose monitors, less accurate |
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| used to study of the interior surface of the rectum |
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| allows direct examination of the interior of the sigmoid colon, a portion of the large intestine. Can be flexible or rigid |
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| assessing the patients heart function |
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Definition
| Electrocardiograph, records the electrical current generated by the heart. Provides 12 different "views" of the heart (referred to as leads) - EKGs can be self contained or PC based |
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| small metal plates or disposable sensors, attached to patient during an EKG |
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| exercise stress testing; an EKG taken during physical exercise, assesses health of the heart |
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| continuous monitoring devices of patients heart for up to 24 hours |
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| Ultrasound instruments osed for obstetric and vascular diagnosis |
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| screening done by the Gyno for cervical or uterine cancer using a wooden scraper or cytobrush |
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| used to open the vaginal cav for visual inspection of the cervix and uterus |
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| procedure where cervix is treated with a diluted solution of acetic acid and inspected by a colposcope (looking for cancer) |
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| study of lung function (pulmonary function) |
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| Used to screen and monitor respiratory problems, patients blow into a tube to measure air flow and volume |
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| ambulatory blood pressure monitoring- small device worn by the ambulatory patient for 24 hours- helps rule out WCH |
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| White coat hypertension- when simply the stress and anxiety of being tested for high blood pressure causes the blood pressure levels to escalate |
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Definition
| use of various technologies to view internal body systems and functions |
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Definition
| Magnetic resonance imaging scanners (multimillion dollar machines) create cross sectional images, or slices of the body |
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Definition
| only x-ray to image hard tissues- most common imaging done, showers photon particles onto a sheet of photographic film, a fluorescent screen, or electronic detectors |
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| Computerized axial tomography, encircles the body with shower of X-rays whose absorption speed is detected on highly sensitive electronic detectors and fed to a computer. Constructs a 3D picture of the body |
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| allows examination of living moving structures |
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| nuclear medicin/pharmacy, patient can drink radioactive material and then measure the activity in point of interest (like the Thyroid) |
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| Use of sound waves to examine internal structures, most commonly used during pregnancy and to examine the heart |
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| display and light up X-rays for viewing |
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| medical condition characterized by decreased bone mass and density |
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| X-ray based device that measures bone density |
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Definition
| Ultrasound device measuring bones |
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Definition
| Bedsores, pressure sores, or decubitus ulcersm, happen when pressure interrupts the nromal circulation within the skin, treatment broken up into 4 stages |
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| Therapeutic beds and mattresses |
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Definition
| provide fluid like environment but more stable than waterbeds |
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| Convoluted foam mattresses |
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Definition
| minimize area of skin pressure and add support to any standard mattress |
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Definition
| alternating pressure pads with pumps work cyclically by inflating and deflating continually to keep pressure from building up in a single area |
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Definition
| keep patients weight evenly distributed |
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Definition
| originally made with sheep skin, now made with various synthetics, used fore single patient use |
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Definition
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| removal of foreign matter and dead or damaged tissue (may be necessary for bed sores) |
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Definition
| applied directly to the wound |
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Definition
| Fluids that ooze from a wound |
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Definition
| secondary dressing secure the primary dressing in place, provide compression |
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Definition
| surgical adhesives, secure the sponge or bandage in place |
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Definition
| Dressings that completely seal the wound keeping moisture in, waterproof |
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Definition
| dressings that keep moisture in but allow air in as well |
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Definition
| also known as sponges, can be primary dressing or used to clean wounds |
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Definition
| do not stick to the wound site, used around hair |
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Definition
| very thin dressings made of polyurethane, used on wonds without drainage |
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Definition
| wafers powders or pastes, absorb small amounts of drainage |
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Definition
| provide pain relief, water based dressings used in wounds with low drainage that need to be kept moist |
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Definition
| absorptive sponges, easily customizable |
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Definition
| derived from seaweed, absorb large amounts of drainage, available as sheets and ropes |
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Definition
| control wound drainage and bacterial colonization |
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Definition
| designed so it will cling to itself and allow movement |
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Definition
| used primarily for head fingers toes and torso, non sterile |
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Definition
| provide pressure and support, reusable and disposable available. |
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Definition
| to break down (soapless cleansers emulsify body wastes) |
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Definition
| not having control over urination and defecation |
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Definition
| seal moisture into skin and prevent dehydration, improtant to use on incontinent patients to protect them from urine and feces |
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Definition
| usually made from zinc oxide, effective barriers from urine and feces and some have additives to enhance skin integrity |
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Definition
| either lotions or creams, lotions are low in moisturizing agents and poured or pumped from containers, creams are thicker and have a richer mix of solids and are more effective in protecting the skin |
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| adult diapers, highest level of leakage protection |
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| look and feel like underwear, can be pulled on and off "pull ups" |
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| for moderate incontinence, feature a pad held in place by a belt or adhesive |
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Definition
| fit inside normal underwear |
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Definition
| consist of cloth, mesh or waterproof underwear with different sizes of insert liner pads to manage different degress of incontinence. |
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Definition
| used for bedridden patients to protect mattress and linens |
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Definition
| passage of tubular, flexible instrument into a body channel or cavity. INtermittent or Continuous use |
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Definition
| Has a semi-rounded tip with two drainage eyes to ease the drainage of urine |
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Definition
| Indwelling catheter, when a catheter needs to remain in place, inflated balloon helps it stay in place, come with foley tray (or insertion tray)- comes with drainage bag, sterile gloves, and other items needed for insertion |
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Definition
| straight or intermittent catheter, draws urine usually made of rubber or plastic |
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| Sheath-like device used for male anatomy |
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| Inserted directly into the bladder through the abdominal wall while patient is anesthetized, used after surgery |
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Definition
| collect urine drained from the bladder, needs to ensure a "closed system" some are equipped with anti-reflux device to prevent infection |
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Definition
| Operation that creates an artificial opening for the elimination of bodily waste "Externalize" a patients intestine or ureter |
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Definition
| Opening in the abdominal wall, utilized during an ostomy, Stoma caps cover stomas |
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Definition
| small intestine brought outside the skin |
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| Large intestine brough outside the skin |
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Definition
| opening is made in the urinary system to divert urine to the stoma |
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| Disposable ostomy appliances |
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Definition
| pouches for collecting urine or feces, last up to three days |
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| permanent ostomy appliances |
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Definition
| latex pouches last longer than 30 days |
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| permanent ostomy appliances |
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Definition
| latex pouches last longer than 30 days |
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Definition
| for docs who don't use appliances, includes irrigation bag with connecting tube (catheter), a stoma cone and irrigation sleeve |
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| used to cut and dissect tissue, come in combination of sharp or blunt tips, curved or non curved |
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| have notches at the tip, used to grasp sponge or gauze to clean tissue during surgery |
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Definition
| designed to hold tissues, have mini teeth to have afirmer grip |
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Definition
| also known as hemostats, used to control or stop the flow of blood thru arteries and veins |
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Definition
| secure toweling and drapes to the skin |
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Definition
| grasp the shaft of the suture need as it is inserted into the tissure so that needles wont turn or bend |
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| long thin instruments used for exploring a wound or cavity, malleable so they are able to be bent |
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| Surgeon's knife, can be disposable or reusable |
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| instrument used to hold the incision open and provide exposure of the surgical area |
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Definition
| available on many instruments bc extermely hard and retains shape longer than stainless steel- identified b y gold plated finger rings or ends (?) |
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| electrosurgery units used for surgical cutting to control bleeding- deliver high frequency electrical currents |
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| Refers to joining the edges of a surgical or traumatic wound so they stay in place while healing occurs |
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| can be absorbable or non absorbable |
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Definition
| used to cut tissue as well as pull sutures |
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Definition
| no cutting edge, like sewing needle |
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| wound closure technology- using staple gun and staples |
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Definition
| killing of most, not necessarily all organisms |
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| disinfectants used on the skin, can be bactericidal (kill bacteria) or bateriostatic (injibit bacteria growth) |
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| Needle collection, providers required to have safe sharps containers, use biohazard bags |
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| Guidelines for protecting personnel from exposure to infectious diseases |
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| directly into gastrointestinal tract, stomach or jejenun (small intestine) (can not be fed parenterally- directly into bloodstream) |
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| bipasses the intestinal tract to feed patients (TPN total parenteral nutrition) (PPN peripheral parenteral nutrition- less calories) |
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| Used for oxygen therapy- hold compressed gas, very heavy ( up to 150 lbs) |
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Definition
| create nearly pure oxygen by filtering out gasses from room air |
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| hold oxygen in liquid form |
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Definition
| used to assist the longs in taking in oxygen and expelling CO2 |
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| offer aerosol- based repiratory treatment |
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| connect to the tanks regulate to moisturize oxygen before it is delivered to the patient |
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| Continuous positive airway pressure- used to treat OSA |
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| Durable Medical Equipment |
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| Paper with a circular opening for the operative site |
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