Term
|
Definition
| cells that break bone down |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long term maintanance bone cells |
|
|
Term
| what is the axial part of the body? |
|
Definition
| all bones in the middle: skull, ribcage, thorax (vertebral collumn), sacrum and cocyx |
|
|
Term
| what is the appendicular part of the body |
|
Definition
| arms legs clavical, scapula, humorus, carpal, metacarpals, filanges, radius, ulna and then also leg bones |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| closest to attachment (refers to one bone) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| farthest point from attachment (refers to one bone) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| closest to midline (one bone horizontal) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| farthest from midline (one bone horizontal) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| for 4 legged animals vent=stomach, dorsal=back |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flexion= decrease angle between 2 muscles, extension=extend angle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cutting 1/2 through the face splitting the nose and in between the eyes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cutting the body at the belly button to sever torso from lower limbs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cutting the body 1/2 way through the head so that your stomach and back become seperated |
|
|
Term
| what are long bones. examples. 3 portions of the long bone |
|
Definition
| marrow inside. saves from germs. ex) femur, tarsals. they are longer than wide and tubecular. epiphysis=head, diasphysis=shaft metaphysis=cartileage |
|
|
Term
| 2 types of tribecular bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are short bones? examples |
|
Definition
| mostly cube shaped. carpals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| example of an irregular bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when looking at the skull, in what position must in be in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where face and mandable are missing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| autopsy cut of top of the head |
|
|
Term
| where is the coronal suture |
|
Definition
| seperates the parietal and the frontal parts of the skull |
|
|
Term
| where is the sagittal suture |
|
Definition
| seperates the parietals from each other |
|
|
Term
| where is the lambdoidal suture |
|
Definition
| occipital from l & r parietal |
|
|
Term
| where s the squamosal suture |
|
Definition
| temporal from parietal and sphenoid |
|
|
Term
| what shape is the coronal suture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what shape is the lambdoidal suture |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what and where is the foramen magnum |
|
Definition
| it is the hole at the base of the skull where the spinal collumn goes into the brain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| islands of bones inside sutures. can find along the lambdoidal region |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 bones to the ear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is the ethmoid bone |
|
Definition
| inside the nasal apeture and surrounded by the sphenoid |
|
|
Term
| what and where is the vomer |
|
Definition
| triangle shaped bone that divides the bone in the nasal appeture |
|
|
Term
| what is the alveolar process |
|
Definition
| the part of bone in both the mandible and maxilla that houses tooth row |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are decidous dentition missing |
|
Definition
| no premolars or 3rd molars per quadrant |
|
|
Term
| how many cervical vertebrae (of the neck) are there |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many cervical vertebrae (of the neck) are there |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many thorasic vertebrae are there (ribs) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many lumbar vertebrae are there (lower back) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the atlas and axis vertebrae |
|
Definition
| C1 & C2 vertebrae. in direct articulation with skull. give skull ability to rotate. lack vetebral body |
|
|
Term
| what is characteristic of cervical vertebae |
|
Definition
| 2 lateral prongs (tuberculi) each off of the foramen. (looks like a smiling face). #3-6 are biforcated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 24--7 pairs of true ribs, 3 pairs of false, 2 pairs of floating ribs |
|
|
Term
| Rib 1 is in direct articulation with which vertebrae |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is characteristic of the 1st rib |
|
Definition
| full head, tubercal, short curved body, smooth anterior surface, and subclavian sulcas |
|
|
Term
| how many components are in the sternum |
|
Definition
| 3--manubrium, corpus sterni, xiphoid |
|
|
Term
| how many carpal (wrist) bones are there |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which long bone connects to the thumb |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the femur atriculate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many bones make up an innominate |
|
Definition
| 3--illum (large round surface), ischium(outside ring by foramen), pubis |
|
|
Term
| what is the hole in the innominate called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the #1 identifier for sex and age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the pubic sympysis used to determine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the indentation on the head of the femora is called what |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what has the thickest cortical bone in the body |
|
Definition
| the shaft (diaphysis?) of the femur |
|
|
Term
| how do you site a patella? |
|
Definition
| the lateral (side furthest from midline) is larger. |
|
|
Term
| which bone is connected to big toe side |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many tarsals are there |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many metatarsals are there |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what 3 things must you look at in order to determine if the remains are native american? and 4th? |
|
Definition
| region where bones are found, tooth wear, and bone quality. can also look for grave foods |
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE SOME DIFFERENCES IN MODERN VS ARCHEO. GRAVES? |
|
Definition
| NOW, PEOPLE COME FORWARD, HAVE TO LOOK. IN ARCHEO. THEY BURY BODIES IN CERTAIN WAYS |
|
|
Term
| what are 2 formal search techniques |
|
Definition
| grid pattern or circular grid |
|
|
Term
| what are 3 things you look for in a crime scene? |
|
Definition
| changes or presence of something that doesn't belong, new or disturved vegetation, cameflouge |
|
|
Term
| what are 5 techniques used to locate remains |
|
Definition
| cadaver dogs, gpr, probes, areial, & trenching |
|
|
Term
| what are 4 questions that should be asked upon entering a scene? |
|
Definition
| how long do i have, who is here to help, which way did you come in, & how many people have already been here (how body was discoverd) |
|
|
Term
| what is the crime scene perimeter |
|
Definition
| the line behind where the media stays |
|
|
Term
| what is the outer perimeter |
|
Definition
| where the equipment and break station are |
|
|
Term
| what is the datum point on the grid? |
|
Definition
| the location 0/0 on the grid. usually done with a recognizable landmark in the north corner |
|
|
Term
| what technique was used in the film? |
|
Definition
| morphological approximation |
|
|
Term
| what are the standards called that came as a result to the Col. Hart case? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the first thing you must determine when looking at remains? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are "typical" male characteristics? |
|
Definition
| chin and post orbital constriction, taller, more robust (muscular) |
|
|
Term
| differences in male and females: subpubic angle |
|
Definition
(below pubis bone) M= less than 90* V shaped
F= more than 90*, almost bowl shape U shape |
|
|
Term
| differences in male and females: ventral arc |
|
Definition
| (line present next to right formana) M=not present F=present |
|
|
Term
| differences in male and females: pubic length |
|
Definition
| (taken the length of pubis bone) M=short F=long |
|
|
Term
| differences in male and females: sciatic notch |
|
Definition
| (arc under the hip bone) M=narrow F=wide |
|
|
Term
| what is a prearricular sulcas? |
|
Definition
| a tiny canal of bone on the right side of innominate that has been taken away due to pregnancy |
|
|
Term
| differences in male and females: sacrum |
|
Definition
| M=broad curved sacrums, F= more straight and narrow |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 paturition scars |
|
Definition
| dorsal pits, prearricular sulcus, pubic tubercle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pieces of bone removed by uterus during pregnancy (on the anterior? pubic bone) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| on the anterior side of pubic bones, boney projection because of muscle attachment as uterus grows |
|
|
Term
| what is the accuracy of determining if someone has had a pregnancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| differences in male and females: forehead shape |
|
Definition
| M= slanted, round F= vertical, sharp, smooth |
|
|
Term
| differences in male and females: mandible |
|
Definition
| M=large square projecting chin F= pointed triangle chin |
|
|
Term
| differences in male and females: angle in femur to innominates |
|
Definition
| M=larger head >45mm F=larger angle of femur to innominate <43mm |
|
|
Term
| what is the best sex determination in subadults? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| differences in male and females: subadult auricular surface |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| differences in male and females: subadults iliac crest |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| round= asian rectangle=african sloping=european |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| asian=ovaland small shaped african=broad and round wide european=narrow tear shaped |
|
|
Term
| ancestry: nasal form/bones |
|
Definition
| asian=tent shaped african=quonset hut shaped euro=tower shaped |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| asian= no dam or nasal sill african=no dam or nasal sill euro= |
|
|
Term
| european ancestry summary |
|
Definition
| have relatively no prognathism; a relatively small face; a narrow, tear-shaped nasal cavity; a "silled" nasal aperture; tower-shaped nasal bones; a triangular-shaped palate; and an angular and sloping eye orbit shape |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| have a broad and round nasal cavity; no dam or nasal sill; Quonset hut-shaped nasal bones; notable facial projection in the jaw and mouth area (prognathism); a rectangular-shaped palate; and a square or rectangular eye orbit shape |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| characterized by a relatively small prognathism; no nasal sill or dam; an oval-shaped nasal cavity; tent-shaped nasal bones; a horseshoe-shaped palate; and a rounded and non-sloping eye orbit shape |
|
|
Term
| what happens in ossification centers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how can you use fusion to determine age |
|
Definition
| you look to see how fused 2 bones are together |
|
|
Term
| in terms of subadults, what is the best to use for age |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| at waht age does the fusion of occipital squamosis happen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the last thing to fuse and at what age? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in adults, what are the major areas used for aging |
|
Definition
| pubic bone, arricular surface, ribs and overal condition of the body |
|
|
Term
| if the pubic symphasis is billowy, how old is the adult? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when aging subadults what 3 techniques are best used? |
|
Definition
| measure long bones, dental development, fusuion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used when determining height. skeletal stature + 10.8 cm |
|
|
Term
| what 3 measurement tools can you use to measure height |
|
Definition
| osteometric board, sliding caliper, spreading caliper |
|
|
Term
| what is a freely movalbe joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a slightly movalbe joint |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| carabellis cusp is most commonly associated with individuals of which ancestry? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| buccal pits are common to which ancestry |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| medium nasal apature is most commonly associated with which ancestry |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which characteristic did phenic use to determine sex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are 3 markers of patrician |
|
Definition
| pubic tubercle, doral pits, pre-arricular sulcas |
|
|
Term
| what are 2 ways you can have abnormality on bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are 3 types of acquired abnormalities |
|
Definition
| neoplasms (cancer), infections, metabolic (diabetes) |
|
|
Term
| what is the response of bone |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are congential issues in bone |
|
Definition
| a genetic component that people are born with |
|
|
Term
| ossicles, or wormian bones are associated with which ancestry |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where the metopic suture is retained and frontal bones don't fuse |
|
|
Term
| scapocephaly is associated with which ancestry |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| elongated skull = which congential disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| extra foramaena in any location in cranium is associated with which ancestry |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is dysraphism & what happens |
|
Definition
| cyclopse skull; herneation of soft tissue, where neural tissue cleaves into 2 hemispheres; middle of face fails to form including hard pallet |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| drawrfism; normal size head but difficulty ossifying post cranially |
|
|
Term
| what is congenital hip dyslpasia |
|
Definition
| dislocation of hip at birth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bone marrow infection; can be caused by caused by any bacterial infection in the body |
|
|
Term
| wt is the best palce for osteomyelitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflamation comvering of bone; addition of bone due to irritation/infection; localized to exterior portion of bone |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| localized infection to the mastoid; can lose hearing |
|
|
Term
| what are 2 types of localized infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pyrogenic bacteria in bone (skull-osteomytitis; tibia; teeth)(passed through std or during birth) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| air born spittles breathed in. lungs begin to ossify; see osteiolesions on 4+vertebrae, knees, cranium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| imbalance of insulin & associated with extreme bone loss; cannot regulate sugar in blood which damages small capilaries because blook is too thick |
|
|
Term
| what is rhuematoid arthritis |
|
Definition
| attack on synnovial joint which causes it to pop out and swell; females more than males |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| malignant cancer located where you have arethropoidic cell production ex)skull, prox femur, humerous |
|
|
Term
| small cirular lesions with no reactive bone (remodeling) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lack of vitamin d (bowing of bones) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| affects pelvis, skull,long bones, and clavicles; spongy bone has been added; "flame" sign due to overossification; joints develop arthritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ossification of anterior lig usually on left side; results in immoblility of the spine |
|
|
Term
| what are 3 types of dential disease |
|
Definition
| caries (cavities), abscesses (actual infection), resorbed alveolar bone (due to tooth loss) |
|
|
Term
| what is periodontal disease |
|
Definition
| percistance of plaque near CEJ; upsets gum and makes you bleed due to plaque waste; can make gingiva retreat |
|
|
Term
| what is enamel hypoplasia |
|
Definition
| incomplete development; chronic disease/malnutrition and incomplete development of enamel (horizontal lines on incisors) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| soft teeth because they don't mineralze;genetic so every tooth is affected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| teeth not in proper line or row |
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 types of trauma |
|
Definition
| fracture, dislocation, subluxation (verterbral column buldge) |
|
|
Term
| what is antemortem trauma |
|
Definition
| at least 2 weeks before death- must have evidence of healing |
|
|
Term
| what is perimortem trauma/healing |
|
Definition
| at or around time of death; bone maintain collegean component |
|
|
Term
| what is postmortem trauma/healing |
|
Definition
| period of trauma where there is collegan loss. very brittle mold |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bone retains moisture and resilience; clean fractures rather than shattering |
|
|
Term
| relationship between collegan and mineral component of bone |
|
Definition
| stress applied and collegan reacts to flex. above bones ability to go back to shap (this happens with green stick fracture), bend in bone common in rib cage. after yied point failure=fracture can no longer bend. bone can bend as long as yield point isnt met due to carteliage within bone |
|
|
Term
| mechanisms of fractures: compression |
|
Definition
| bone squashed lengthwise, weight barring=common source |
|
|
Term
| mechanisms of fractures: tension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mechanisms of fractures: rotation |
|
Definition
| bone twisting (one or both ends) |
|
|
Term
| mechanisms of fractures: shear |
|
Definition
| transverce force along horizontal axis |
|
|
Term
| mechanisms of fractures: bending |
|
Definition
| both tension and compression ex) vehicle accident |
|
|
Term
| Fracture types: transverse |
|
Definition
| perpendicular to y axis of bone (bending) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wrap around bone (rotation) |
|
|
Term
| Fracture Types: comminuted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fracture Types: butterfly |
|
Definition
| one triangle piece of bone |
|
|
Term
| Fracture Types: segmental |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a greenstick fracture |
|
Definition
| incomplete but still intact and bent. morphology has changed (seen in child abuse) |
|
|
Term
| what are the different types of trauma |
|
Definition
| blunt, sharp force, fire,stress, projectile, trauma |
|
|
Term
| what is blunt force trauma |
|
Definition
| relatively low velocity impack over a relatively broad area ex) sticks, rocks, pipes, accidents in car train and planes |
|
|
Term
| What is LeForte fracture type 1 |
|
Definition
| complete displacment of maxilla to face |
|
|
Term
| What is LeForte fracture type 2 |
|
Definition
| along zygomatic, thru eye orbit. removes central bones of face |
|
|
Term
| What is LeForte fracture type 3 |
|
Definition
| bones of face detached death |
|
|
Term
| cranial fracture forms: linear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cranial fracture forms: diastatic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cranial fracture forms: depressed |
|
Definition
| outer bone is depressed into trabeclae. generated by impact of lower velocity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture to ulna due to small force over small area. used to protect face |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fracture to radius becuase when you fall you put your hand out to stop you |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| crushing in feet becasue froce from height on foot propegates into formanenum magnum |
|
|
Term
| describe projectile injuries |
|
Definition
| concentrated projectile iwth high velocity. extent of damage depends on face of impact ex)gun shot |
|
|
Term
| characteristics of cookie cutter/clean entry wound |
|
Definition
| internal surface has a bevell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| external beveling is larger and ragged=nonjacketed bullet |
|
|
Term
| concentric fractures due to projectile injuries |
|
Definition
| heaving fractures around entrance or exit wound in semi cirucle shape |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fire goes from damaged bone to undamaged. get yellow offwhite border on bone due to organic reorganization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Settling of blood –
whitens upper areas of
body
• Purplish discoloration in
dependent protions
• Appears a couple of
hours after death and
reaches maximum in
8-12 hours
• Becomes fixed
• See clothing marks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
stiffening of body
• Tissue runs out of ATP
• Usually starts 2-4 hours after death
• Peaks about 10-12 hours then subsides
• Hastened by fever, convulsions or extreme
activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Body acquires greenish
tint
• Bloating most pronounced
in abdomen
• Expansion of face, arms,
legs and scrotum
• Displacement of arms
• Displacement of clothing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bloating released
• Sagging of flesh
• Autolysis
• Skin slippage
• Greenish discoloration
• Hair slippage
• May start decompositional fluid deposit |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Greyish white “cheesy” substance
• Hydrolyzed fat
• Can remain for years once formed
• Common in prolonged exposure to wet or
moist conditions |
|
|
Term
| general sequence of entomoloy |
|
Definition
| blow flies, predatory insects, cheese skippers, carrion beetles, incidental occupants (rats, slugs etc) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| based on unique characteristics ex)nuclear DNA from hair or skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| based on visual or rare identification ex)name, clothing, id on them |
|
|
Term
| what are some ways you can id a person |
|
Definition
| dna analysis, fingerprinting, tattoo recognition, teeth restorations, radiographs |
|
|
Term
| what is facial approximation |
|
Definition
| related to facial reconstruction. build on hard surgace based off average thickness of tissues in different areas and build what we think face would look like |
|
|
Term
| what is facial superimposition? |
|
Definition
| where you take the skull and overlay the image ontop of a picture of the person to see if facial features line up |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| trace back to origin the person came from either when they were growing up (teeth) or up to 2 weeks ago (hair) |
|
|
Term
| what is the biological profile |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the difference between multiple insults and defects |
|
Definition
| mi are events that has caused structural damage to bone. defects are components of the insult |
|
|
Term
| what is the forensic anthro medicolegal context |
|
Definition
| 50 yrs or younger and to be able to produce prosecutable data |
|
|
Term
| what is the process of healing bone |
|
Definition
| hemotoma (scab), fibrocarteliage, woven bone, compact bone |
|
|
Term
| difference between amelogenesis and anoimohypoplasia |
|
Definition
genesis-- genetic and all teeth affected with cheap enamel
plasia--caused by event ex)malnutrition and leave horizontal lines in the teeth |
|
|
Term
| what is a distatic fracture |
|
Definition
| propegates through suture and seperates teeth of suture |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do you use to age an adult |
|
Definition
| pubic symphasis and arricular surface |
|
|
