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| Sound is the periodic disturbance of molecules caused by vibrations transmitted through an elastic medium, and the interaction of those disturbances in the environment. |
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| An acoustic wave is also... |
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| Sound is three different types of forces. They are |
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| Physical, Perceptual, and Emotional |
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| Sound provides two types of information. They are... |
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Cognitive: memory, reasoning, logic
Affective: feelings, emotion, mood |
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| There are THREE categories of sound. They are... |
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| Speech, Environmental Sounds, and Music |
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| In order for an acoustic wave to be formed, three things must be present. They are... |
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| Compression, Rarefaction, and Elasticity |
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| The outward motion of a vibrating object. |
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| The inward motion of a vibrating object. |
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| A medium that can move forward and back to its original starting point. |
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| The highness or lowness of a sound. |
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| The loudness or quietness of a sound. |
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| The tonal quality of a sound. |
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| The speed of a sound and the spaces between. |
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| There are FOUR types of rhythm. They are... |
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| SIMPLE, CONSTANT, COMPLEX, AND CHANGING |
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| The parts of a sound measured over time from beginning to end. ATTACK, DECAY, SUSTAIN, and RELEASE. |
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| The number of complete cycles of compression and rarefaction per second. |
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| A unit describing the number of cycles per second. |
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| Describe low frequencies in three words. |
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| Longer, stronger and more omnidirectional. |
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| Describe high frequencies in three words. |
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| Shorter, weaker and more directional. |
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| A numerically consecutive group of frequencies. |
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| The frequency range that humans are capable of hearing. It ranges from 20Hz - 20 KHz. |
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| These frequencies are felt. They range from 0 - 20Hz. |
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| These frequencies are too high to be perceived. They range from 20KHz - infinite. |
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| The time of a cycles is called its.. |
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| Who is Heinrich Rudolph Hertz? |
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| He was a German physicist who was the first to satisfactorily demonstrate the existence of electromagnetic waves by building an apparatus to produce and detect radio waves. |
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| The full range has been broken up into ten categories called |
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| A doubling of frequencies. |
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| LOW BASS (20Hz - 80Hz) These are called the MUDDY frequencies. The provide power. |
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| UPPER BASS (80Hz - 320Hz) These are the frequencies that provide depth and perception. Also known as the SONIC FOUNDATION, SONIC ANCHOR and SONIC HORIZON LINE. |
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| A phenomenon that takes place when two frequencies are the same but different amplitudes. When a louder wave encounters a quieter wave, it will swallow, or MASK, the quieter wave, making you not hear the quieter wave. |
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| MID-RANGE FREQUENCIES (320Hz - 2.56 KHz) Humans are very sensitive to these frequencies. They cause EAR FATIGUE. As your ears get tired, your threshold for hearing goes up, cause you ears to no hear certain sounds. Most sounds in the universe have their fundamental frequency in this range. |
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| The lowest frequency anything produces. |
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| A fundamental frequency with some combination of odd and/or even harmonics, plus partials; anything that's not any of the other five waves. |
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| A pure, simple wave; a single frequency that possesses no harmonics or partial content; the fundamental |
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| A whole number multiple of a fundamental frequency. |
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| Any frequency component of a sound that exists between harmonics. |
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| A fundamental frequency with logarithmically attenuating odd order harmonic content. |
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| A relative valueless number that expresses a ratio of difference between x and y. |
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| A way to express very large numbers using very small numbers based on the power of 10. |
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| Professional quality line level. |
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| Consumer quality line level. |
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| A preamplifier's job is to... |
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| Boost a weak signal to line level. |
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| The difference between the least and the most. |
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| A square wave is twice as powerful than a... |
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Definition
| Sine wave, or 3dB louder. |
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| A fundamental frequency with logarithmically attenuating odd order harmonic content, but every other harmonic, in terms of amplitude, will be the inverse square of the harmonic that preceded it. x=1/x{squared} -10dB |
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Definition
| A fundamental frequency with logarithmically attenuating all order harmonic content (all waves). |
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| All harmonic content at equal amplitude; only for scientific study |
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| All frequencies at equal amplitude. 8KHz is the most sensitive to humans, so it drowns out the highs and lows. |
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| All octaves at equal intensity. Each octave is on an equal logarithmic attenuation of -10dB. Lows are much louder. It is used to EQ stadiums. |
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Definition
| Random noise subjected to a psychoacoustic equal loudness curve over a given range of frequencies, giving the listener the perception that it is equally loud at all frequencies. |
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| A graphic representation of the Equal Loudness Principle. |
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Definition
| States that for every doubling of distance between the source and the listener, there will be a 6dB change either through attenuation (doubling distance) or boost (halving distance). |
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| COMPLEX WAVES will reveal what through a Fourier Series analysis? |
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Definition
| A combination of odd/even harmonics, plus partials. |
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| The smallest amplitude change the ear can perceive in a complex wave when you're not expecting a change is... |
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| Which frequencies are least directional? |
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Definition
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| The three bones in the middle ear transfer vibrations from... |
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Definition
| The tympanum to the cochlea. |
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| The threshold of hearing is... |
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| The Inverse Square Law states... |
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Definition
| For every doubling of distance, there will be a 6 dB attenuation, and for every halving of distance, there will be a 6 dB boost. |
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| In a natural acoustic environment, many random echoes becoming more closely spaced with time is known as... |
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| When sound waves in a room are reflected back on themselves in phase, the resulting wave is known as a... |
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| One complete cycle of a sine wave has how many degrees? |
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| The equation: speed of sound/frequency will determine what? |
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| The amount of physical space any single cycle of any wave will occupy in terms of distance; changes based on atmospheric conditions |
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| A time difference between two identical waves. They have to have the same frequency & amplitude. |
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| What is the speed of sound in air at "standard" temperature and pressure? |
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| The bass knob on a hi-fi system is what kind of eq filter? |
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Definition
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| The Basilar Membrane is located... |
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Definition
| within the cochlea of the inner ear. |
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Term
| The inner ear can be related to what piece of audio equipment? |
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Definition
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| The brain stem does what for our hearing capabilities? |
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Definition
| It combines the signals from both ears to be sent to the brain for processing. |
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Term
| The treble frequencies account for how much of our (human) audible sound frequencies? |
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Definition
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| True or False? The "midrange" frequencies (5th, 6th, and 7th octaves) are located between 2.57 kHz and 3.5 kHz. |
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Definition
| False. They are located between 320 Hz - 2.56 kHz. |
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| Compression of molecules occurs when... |
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Definition
| molecules are forced, or pressed, together. |
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| Permanent hearing damage will be the result of sound pressure levels beginning at... |
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Definition
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| Constructive interference of sound waves that are partially out of phase is defined as... |
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| phase that increases a sound's amplitude. |
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| A Fourier Series analysis of a square wave would indicate... |
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Definition
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| The middle ear contains the... |
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Definition
| hammer, anvil, and stir-ups. |
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| Interaural intensity differences help us determine acoustic directionality by... |
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Definition
| the amplitude differences of high frequencies between the two ears. |
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| A reverberant field can be broken down into how many parts? What are they? |
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| Three; direct sound, early reflections and reverberation |
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