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| Natural Selection that works for heterozygotes. i.e., Malria imunity in sickle cell diease carriers |
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| Those of sexual matruity, non-sterility, and right age in a given group |
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| MN Blood group, when both traits are expressed because neither is recessive |
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| Opposed Lamark. First to theorize evolution. Believed in catastrophism, things like the great flood caused extinction. |
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| Wrote, Origin of Species. Introduced natural selection. Father of evolutionary thought. |
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| Grandfather of Darwin. Wrote about evolution sort of in prose. |
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Regonized that the enviroment could change plants and animals.
Natural History 1759 |
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| Deoxyribonucliec acid. contains info about entire organisim |
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| Trait that takes premise over others |
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| change in allele frequency over time, natural selection |
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| One nitrogen base, A,T,C,G is accidently deleted. Hence it is read different |
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| Aa has both domiant and recessive gene |
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| AA or aa. same allele twice |
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| wrote Modern Syntheses....first to combine the theories of Natural Selection and Mutation |
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| A guess at a problem in the scientific method |
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| Monk who crossed Pea Pods. Discovered most of simple genetics. |
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| Substiuting the wrong N-base. I.e. A for a G....bad things |
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| giraffes. attempted to explain evolution. was wrong |
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| Transfer of info from parent to child. |
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| single celled organisisms, 4 billion years ago |
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| multi celluar, nucleus containing DNA |
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| single stranded version of DNA.... different sugar...also subs Uracil for Thymine.....A-U G-C |
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| messenger RNA, copy of single DNA strand, goes to ribosomes so proteins can be made |
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| transfer RNA, reads the mRNA and attaches the proper amino acid at the ribosome |
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| occurs at ribosomes, codes proteins |
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| sequence of DNA that codes for an RNA that leads to a protein |
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| controls timing of processes and devolepment...such as onset of puberty |
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| Physical stuff, makes hair, skin, etc. |
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| DNA sequences bound together in packages |
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| 1000's of genes occuring in pairs |
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| a cell with 2 pairs of all chrmosomes - 46 |
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| one set, no pairs of chromosomes, 23, sex cell |
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| those chromosomes that occun in equal numbers |
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| those that occur in different #'s |
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| DNA replication itself, for growth and replacement of somatic cells! |
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| reduces number of chromosomes to one pair each, this is for sex cells |
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| primary spermocyte divided by meoisis, 4 haploid cells |
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| Pimary oocyte prodduces only 1 functional egg. 3 useless cells one that works |
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| All genes on a chromosome are inherited together |
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| The major model used to explain transmission of genetic mateial. Prior to mendel people thought genes blended. |
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| makeup of a person, i.e. Aa or AA |
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| What you see...i.e. blonde hair |
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| during meiosis the two gene paris seperate |
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| genes that are masked by the domiant gene |
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| neither allele is domiant. I.e. pink snap dragons = 1 red + 1 white |
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| Blood types....2 alleles produce different phenotypic results |
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| Autosomal dominant traits |
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Both males and femals can be affected and can pass on the trait. Can be observed in every generation.
I.E. Achondroplasia - dwarfisim
aa = normal
Aa = Achondroplastic
AA = proably dead at birth |
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| Autosomal recessive traits |
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Most family members are normal.
This sort of things suggests that inbreeding may be taking place.
2 unaffected parents CAN have an affected child.
Cystic Fibrosis and Tay-Sachs diease, PKU
To have these you must have aa
not AA or Aa |
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Every affected person has one affected child.
Heterozygote females will transmit the trait to 50% male and 50% female.
Affected male will give it to 100% of his daughter and 0% of his sons.
i.e. rickets |
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Males express the trait whenever they have it. Females have to get a copy from both parents to have it.
affected males pass on to 0% sons, 100% daughters |
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| occurs only in males. passed on to all sons, there's only 1 Y! |
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| controlled by many genes! eye color |
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| one gene has an effect on several traits |
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Proportion of variance in a trait that is attributable to genetic variation, and not the enviroment.
Given by H^2= Variance(genes)/ Variance Total |
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| long term change....i.e. extinction of species |
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| Mutation, Gene flow, genetic drift, natural selection |
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| the one and only source of any NEW genetic material, to have any evolutionary signifance, it must occur in gametes. Most mutation is bad, Natural selection gets rid of it. |
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-Chromosomal mutations, XXY person
-Point mutation- a single gene
-monosomy, losing a chrmosome
-trisomy - extra chromosomes - down's syndrome |
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Process by which certain alleles contribute more to the next generation
3 premises- all species have more kids than can survive, 2, individuals vary in their ability to reproduce,3. part of variation is herietety |
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| Proportion of population that surviv in a community |
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| Selection against one extreme, brain size |
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| triplet of three letters (base pairs) of the DNA alphabet |
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| DNA sequence that interrupts the protein-coding sequence of a gene; an intron is transcribed into RNA but is cut out of the message before it is translated into protein.the useless one |
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| Part of the RNA that is real, and works |
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| specific base triplet located on one end of a tRNA molecule that recognises the complementary codon on an mRNA molecule |
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| rules requiring selecting of a marriage partner from within a particular group |
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| when a group, like 20 people move to an island. Than the genes of the original people contribute solely to the devolepment of life there. |
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| gene that controls the production of a specific protein or peptide |
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| stabalizing for the mean, i.e. birth weight |
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| positive assortive mating |
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| 2 SIMILIAR phenotypic animals or people....marrying someone who is as smart as you or stuff like that |
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