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| The ability to connect one's personal experiences to society at large and greater historical forces. |
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| How individuals define themselves in relation to groups they are a part of (or in relationship to groups they choose not to be a part of.) |
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| A group of social positions, connected by social relations, that porform a social role. |
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| he belief that there is only one true knowledge about a given thing. There is only one right way. |
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| Implies that the rules of society are hard-lined like those of the non-social sciences. |
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| German, means to interpret and understand the social world through experience. |
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| Variant of sociology that emphasizes the understanding of subjective meaning. |
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19th Century French Philosopher, considered a founder of Sociology
Positivism |
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| 19th century German philosopher and social critic. Historical materialism. |
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| The first to appreciate the importance of subjectivity. Interpretive sociology, Verstehen |
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| Interested in social integration and the way that human society held together. Positivistic sociology, Anomie(suicide), one of the first to compute statistics. |
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| - Understands local interactional contexts and small scale social functions. |
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| - looks at social dynamics across whole societies or large parts of them and often relies on statistical analysis to do so. |
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| the theory that various social institutions and processes in society exist to serve some important (or necessary) function keep society running. |
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| the idea that culture is a reflection of social structure that the underlying reality of society is projected through. |
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| The things that we expect from another person whether we know them or not.This is based on norms. |
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| System of concepts and relationships, an understanding of cause and effect. |
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| How values tell us to act. |
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| The process in which individuals internalize values beliefs and norms. |
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| A social group that exists within one culture, but has traits that separate it from it's parent culture. |
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| the idea that conflict between competing interests is the basic, animating force of social change and society in general. |
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| a micro-level theory in which shared meanings orientations and assumptions form the basic motivation behind people's actions. |
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A condition characterized by a questioning of the notion of progress and history, the replacement of narrative within pastiche and multiple, perhaps even conflicting, identities resulting from disjointed affiliations.
More simply the thought that shared meanings have eroded. |
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| a set of beliefs, traditions, and practices that result from where we live, who we hang out with, our upbringing, etc.; the sum total of social categories and concepts we embrace. |
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| The values, beliefs and social norms we have. |
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| everything that is part of our constructed environment. |
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| Taking into account the differences across cultures without passing judgement or assigning value. Essentially an abstracted version of Verstehen. |
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| a recognizable social position that an individual occupies. |
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| the duties and behaviors expected of someone who holds a particular status. |
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| The incompatibility among roles corresponding to a single statue. |
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| the tension caused by competing demands between two or more roles pertaining to different statuses. |
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| All the Statuses that an individual holds simultaneously. |
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| A status into which someone is born. Ex. Age, Race, Gender. |
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| A status into which one enters. Ex. a job, an athlete, a drug dealer, a couch potato, etc. |
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| One status within a set that stands out or overrides all the others. The most important status. Ex. Being the President, a movie star, a famous musician, etc. |
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| the metaphorical view of life as a performance which includes all our roles, scripts, costumes, and sets. |
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| The way that we make sense of our world, convey this understanding to others, and produce a mutually shared social order. |
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| Any breaking of a social norm. |
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| the common faith or set of social norms by which a society and its members abide. A set of common assumptions about how the world works. |
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| a form of punishment designed to transform the offender into a productive member of society. |
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| A form of punishment which attempts to restore the status quo which existed before the offence. |
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| The mechanisms that create normative compliance in individuals. |
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| Deviance occurs when a society does not give all of its members the equal ability to achieve socially acceptable goals. |
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| An individual who rejects socially defined goals in order to live within his or her own means. |
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| Social deviant who accepts socially acceptable goals but rejects the socially acceptable means of achieving them. |
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| One who rejects means and goals and removes themselves from society. |
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| One who rejects the goals and means but wants to change or destroy the social institutions that made them. |
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| Theory explaining how social cues of disorder impact whether individuals act deviantly. Do the local norms allow deviance or discourage them? |
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