Term
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Definition
| the process of moving information from one stage of memory to the next |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of bringing information stored in long-term memory into short-term memory |
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Term
(a) Describe sensory memory.
(b) Is sensory information conscious or
unconscious? |
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Definition
a) Temporary storage of sensations PRIOR to attention, interpretation, and memory.
b)Unconscious - we’re only aware of these sensations when they move into short-term memory. |
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Term
(a) Define short-term memory.
(b) List two key characteristics of this type of memory. |
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Definition
| the memory stage with a small capacity (7+-2 chunks) and brief duration (<30 seconds) that we are consciously aware of and in which we do our problem solving, reasoning, and decision making. |
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Term
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Definition
| rehearsal in the short-term memory in which information is repeated over and over again in order to maintain it. |
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Term
Define and explain the occurrence of:
(a) the primacy effect, and (b) the recency effect. |
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Definition
a)primacy effect: superior recall of early items on a
list. Why? because you’ve had longer to rehearse these items.
b) recency effect: superior recall of latter items on a list. Why? because these items are still in your short-term
memory. |
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Term
(a) Episodic memory examination~
(b) Semantic memory examination~
My question:
Patient’s response:
(c) Procedural memory examination~
My request:
Patient’s response (describe behavior): |
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Definition
a) My question: What did you do to celebrate your last birthday?
Patient’s response: I went bowling with some close friends.
b) My question: Who won the 2000 presidential election?
Patient’s response: Debatable. George W. Bush.
c) My request: Can you file these papers in alphabetical order?
Patient’s response (describe behavior): Yes (files papers). |
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Term
(a) Retrograde amnesia examination~
(b) Anterograde amnesia examination~ |
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Definition
a) My question: What did you do last year to celebrate your birthday?
Patient’s response: Got trashed with my dog and bird.
b) My question: What did you make last night for dinner?
Patient’s response: Cotton candy soup. |
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Term
| encoding specificity principle |
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Definition
cues present during encoding serve best as
cues for retrieval |
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Term
a) state-dependent memory
b) mood dependent memory |
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Definition
a) LTM retrieval best when physiological state at time of encoding & retrieval are the same
b) same as above, but for mood. |
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Term
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Definition
identification of information in
presence of retrieval cue(s) |
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Term
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Definition
no retrieval cues present for long
term memory to become conscious |
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Term
| Describe the field of developmental psychology in one sentence. |
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Definition
| Developmental psychology is the study of biological, social, cognitive, and personality changes across the lifespan. |
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Term
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Definition
| a specific time period in one’s life during which a person has to have certain experiences. Otherwise, this person will not progress through developmental stages in a normative manner. |
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Term
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Definition
| the lifelong emotional bond between infants and their mothers or other caregivers, formed during the first 6 months of life |
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Term
| According to Harlow, what is and what is not the crucial element for attachment formation? |
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Definition
| Contact comfort, not nourishment, was crucial element for attachment formation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Uses caregiver as a secure base for exploration. Protests caregiver's departure and seeks proximity and is comforted on return, returning to exploration. May be comforted by the stranger but shows clear preference for the caregiver. |
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Term
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Definition
| set of innate tendencies or dispositions that lead a person to behave in certain ways |
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Term
a) zone of proximal development
b) scaffolding |
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Definition
a) difference between what a child can do alone and what the same child can do with help
b) Process that occurs when a child is assisted to reach the upper level of his or her zone of proximal development |
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Term
| trust vs. mistrust (birth to 1 year) |
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Definition
| Infants learn that they can or cannot trust others to take care of their basic needs. |
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Term
| autonomy vs. shame and doubt (1 to 2 years) |
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Definition
| children either learn tobe self-sufficient or doubt their abilities and feel shame. |
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Term
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Definition
| a person's internally based characteristic ways of acting and thinking. |
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Term
| Describe the way personality is understood by humanistic theorists. |
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Definition
| personality is driven by conscious free will, personal growth, uniqueness of individual. |
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Term
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Definition
living up to fullest unique potential.
“Unconditional positive regard” acceptance and approval without conditions (no matter our strengths and weaknesses) ; empathetic(understand our feelings) and genuine |
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Term
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Definition
perception of extent to which a
person controls what happens to him or her. |
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Term
| External locus of control |
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Definition
| chance/external forces control your fate |
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Term
| Internal locus of control |
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Definition
| perception that you control your own fate |
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Term
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Definition
Projective tests: Rorschach, Thematic Apperception
Test (TAT) myers briggs |
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Term
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Definition
| the scientific study of how we influence one another's behavior and thinking |
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Term
| normative and informational social influence |
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Definition
normative - influence stemming from our desire to gain the approval and to avoid the disapproval of others.
informational - influence stemming from the need for information in situations in which the correct action or judgment is uncertain. |
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Term
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Definition
| a change in behavior or belief to conform to group pressure (real or imagined) |
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Term
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Definition
Group unanimity
Responding is public (vs. private)
We are of lower status |
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Term
| Distinguish between conformity and compliance. |
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Definition
conformity = social influence whereby individual changes behavior/attitude to go along with the group, whereas compliance = acting in accordance with a direct request
compliance “I’ll be in town for the week-end. Can I stay with
you on Saturday night?” |
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Term
| foot in the door technique |
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Definition
(1) they start with a small request
(2) once we’ve agreed to that, we’re more
likely to comply with a larger request |
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Term
| door-in-the-face technique |
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Definition
(1) they start with a small request
(2) once we’ve agreed to that, we’re more
likely to comply with a larger request |
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Term
| door-in-the-face technique |
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Definition
(1) they start with a small request
(2) once we’ve agreed to that, we’re more
likely to comply with a larger request |
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Term
List the four criteria that help us decide whether a thought pattern or
behavior is normal or abnormal. Discuss why -- even if a behavior or thought
pattern meets some of these criteria -- the person still may not have a mental
disorder. |
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Definition
1. Atypical
2. Maladaptive; interferes with functioning
3. Behavior/thoughts are distressful
4. Not rational
A person still may not have a mental health issue, because a thought or behavior becomes a symptom
only when it causes distress and prevents us from functioning in our primary roles. |
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Term
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Definition
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