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| associated with ancient greek world view |
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| rejected the geocentric world view |
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| accurately determined the size of the Earth |
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| Last astronomer without a telescope. Provided Kepler with the data needed in order to develop his three Laws |
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| Three Laws of Planetary Motion |
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| First Law of Planetary Motion |
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| Law of Elipses: changes shape of orbit, sun not center, focus of ellipse |
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| Second Law of Planetary Motion |
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| Law of Equal Areas: how planet moves along track, area of pie piece always the same, speed faster when closest to the sun, conservation of angular momentum |
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| Third Law of Planetary Motion |
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Law of Harmonies: length of time to complete orbit longer = bigger orbit
p2=a3 |
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Used a telescope and challenged the conventional wisdom of the motion of objects and the nature of the heavens
Telescope observations:
a) Phases of Venus
b) Moons of Jupiter
c) Sunspots
d) Mountains on the Moon |
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| Newton's Second Law of Motion |
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| Newton's First Law of Motion |
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| Newton's Third Law of Motion |
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| Law of Reciprocal Actions |
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Radio
Infrared
Visible
Ultraviolet
X-ray
Gamma |
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| Shorter wavelength = hotter |
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| hot object under high pressure |
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| hot gas under low pressure |
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| source of continuous spectrum viewed behind cool gas under pressure |
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Continuous
Emission Line
Absorbtion |
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| 6000K iron rich, highest density |
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Impact Cratering
Thicker crust on far side |
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Caloris Basin - large impact crater
Jumbled terrain
Intercrater plains - smoothed surface regions possibly from lava flow
Scarps - Huge cliffs thought to have form as the planet cooled
No atmosphere |
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1. Maxwell Montes - largest mountain on Venus
2. Aphrodite Terra - largest highlands
3. Isthar Terra, Alpha Regio, Beta Regio - other highland regions
4. Beta regio has two Shield volcanoes |
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Constant cloud cover -Sulfuric acid clouds at 50 km
Temperature, VERY HOT 730K,
Pressure: about 90 times Earth's
Chemical Comp. - CO2 - 95.3% Nitrogen - 3.5% |
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24.6 hour rotation
24 degree tilt = seasons |
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1. Olympus Mons - Shield volcano - largest mountain in the solar system
2. Valles Mariners - Enormous Valley that runs along the equator of Mars
3. Polar Icecaps - Frozen water and carbon dioxide
4. Evidence of water flow in the past.
5. Red dust on the surface is Iron Oxide (rust) |
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| Phobos and Deimos, small irregular shapes, not like our moon, more like captured asteroids |
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| Fast differential rotation |
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| rocky core, metallic hydrogen (currents here produce the magnetic field) |
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typical colors are bright yellow, orange and red
the great red spot - a 'hurricane' on Jupiter that is stable and always present |
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| Internal hearing by helium precipitation |
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Cassini Division
Roche Limit
Shepherd Satallites |
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Blue-Green due to methane
tilt rotation axis 90 degrees |
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Blue-Green due to methane
Great dark spot |
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Dwarf Planet
Similar to Ice Moons |
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| Elliptical orbit - sometimes closer to the sun than neptune |
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10X Diameter of Earth
1000X Volume
Largest Gas Giant |
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| Less than 10 Solar Masses |
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| Planetary Nebula -> White Dwarf |
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| More than 10 Solar Masses |
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| II Supernova -> Neutron star or black hole |
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