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| Advocacy Networks in International Politics |
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| Enhancing International Cooperation - Global Governance |
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| Human Rights Organizations - A tool for social change |
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| Identity and Violence: The Illusion of Destiny |
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| Politics, Powers and Pathologies of IOs |
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| The Democratic Rollback: Resurgence of Predatory State |
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| United by principle, loosely federated, nonprofit groups, transnational agendas, supply through monetary aid and expertise |
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| Inter-governmental, multiple states enter into an agreement, formed to address a specific cause |
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| Lacks hierarchy, horizontal reciprocal linkage between governments/NGOs/IOs and citizens, tackle specific issues, motivated by beliefs and values NOT INTERESTS |
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| Core concepts of Globalization |
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| Markets over states, cultural homogenization, space-time compression |
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| Erosion of natural borders due to increased communication abilities, access to information |
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| Rise of the West, Rise of the US, Rise of the Rest |
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| 1800s through World War II - Multiple centers of evenly distributed power |
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| One dominant nation (USA 1989-2006) |
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| Two major sources of world power (US and USSR in the cold war) |
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| Uni-multipolarity/Nonpolarity |
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| No single, definite source of power, or one majority source with many minority sources |
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| Global exercise by power, not necessarily by entities elected to act. Different sources taking the place of an international government |
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| Realist Perspective of IOs |
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| IOs reflect the power differentials of nations, have no autonomous power |
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| Liberal Institutionalist perspective of IOs |
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| IOs reduce costs and facilitate cooperation, efficiency, some degree of autonomy |
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| Constructivist view of IOs |
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| IOs exist to change behaviors, norms, create social reality |
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| Network formed by citizen-to-citizen interaction |
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| Reasons for the Growth of NGOs |
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| Democratization, global civil society, communication |
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| Leverage, accountability, information, symbolic |
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| Gathering credible information, politically usable, make people aware of what's happening |
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| Using info, pictures to change the way we think about particular issues |
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| Using info to pressure politicians, other influential actors |
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| Hold politicians to their word |
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| Gradual change from politically closed to open systems |
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| Elements/Definition of Democracy |
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| Popular sovereignty and real/fair competition, equal participation abilities, responsive, by the people for the people, majority rule with minority rights |
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| Conditions of Democratic success |
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| Higher income, strong middle class, civic society, nationalism, security, neutral rule of law, capitalism, protest and civil liberty protection |
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| Power-sharing form of government for deeply divided societies |
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| Any social category in which one is eligible to be a member |
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| How does identity affect globalization |
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| Could lead to cultural homogenization, creation of a world culture. Also could cause more nonpolarity and nationalism. Global identity lessens smaller classifications |
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| Changes where you are, pluralist, identities constructed over time, depends on if you are identifying yourself, emotional attachment |
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| Affects trust, violence/war, political stability, voting preferences, economic development/allocation |
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| Named human population with myths of common ancestry, elements of common culture, a homeland |
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| Identity is ancestral, non-changeable, identities have been the way they are for a long time, strong emotional attachments |
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| Constructivist view of Identity |
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| Identities can change meaning over time, are socially constructed, they are dynamic |
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| Identities are chosen for allocation of resources, ethnic groups are vehicles to pursue interests |
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| Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) |
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| A company takes its capital and invests in a fixed asset in another country |
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| Ways of conceptualizing development |
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| GDP, PPP, Human Development Index, Millennium Development Goals |
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| Total market value of all goods and services produced in a given country in a year |
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| Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) |
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| Basket of goods, measures what you can buy with your currency |
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| Compares PPP, education, life expectancy |
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| Millennium Development Goals |
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| How countries progress on ending poverty/hunger, education, gender equality, child/maternal health, HIV prevalence, environmental stability, aid committments |
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| Sectors gain from market actions AND domestic policy context, good timing, export sectors, investment in human capital and infrastructure |
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| Point in time when labor costs are large enough in difference between manufacturing and outsourcing in various nations, that you make the jump to the next nation. |
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| Economies of Agglomeration |
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| Once there is a first mover, it is easier and cheaper for other countries/companies to make the same move, start developing an area |
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| States stimulate/generate demand in economy, especially during crisis times - invest in infrastructure, even if it means major debt |
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| Modernization in economic development |
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| Invest in education, media, health, infrastructure would naturally diversify economy |
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| Autarky/Import Substitution Industrialization |
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| Seal off borders, support infant domestic industries using strong tariffs/trade barriers |
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| Core(rich) and peripheral(poor) countries where the economic benefits accrue in core, with less and less getting to peripheral |
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| State Led Development and its problems |
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| States are vehicles for economic growth, provide capital to be able to compete. States were too corrupt, there was bureaucratic inefficiency, and public institutions simply interfered with the economic market system |
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| Washington Consensus/Market Fundamentalism and its problems |
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| Deregulation, faith in the free markets - lack of social aid, not unique to specific situations, too sudden (shocks), didn't help politics/policy |
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| Structural Adjustment Program (SAP) |
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| Process of getting government out of industry - stabilize, privatize, liberalize. Open up trade, have price liberalization. |
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| Hybrid model of development |
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| Markets drive growth, states invest in human capital and infrastructure, necessity of "good governance" and rule of law |
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| Conflict (wars, civil wars), natural resources, landlocked with bad neighbors, bad governance |
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| Evidence-based, practical approaches to solving economic problems by use of randomized trials and field experiments |
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| Origins of Financial Crisis |
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| Global expansion of wealth, growth of credit, housing crisis (bad mortgages), too much derivative action |
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| Effects of Financial Crisis (short-term) |
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| Collapse of major financial institutions, drastic fall of stocks and bonds, uneven global effects |
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| Effects of Financial Crisis (long-term) |
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| Rethinking of market fundamentalism (creation of hybrid model/capitalism 4.0?), degregulation seen as the problem, increase in government intervention, oversight, regulation, end of unipolarity, reform of inefficient IOs |
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| Deng Xiopeng begins economic reforms in 1977. Cooperation with state and private sectors, with no regards to labor standards. Manipulation of currency. No environmental policies, winning "race to the bottom", soft power diplomacy |
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| Break out of "Hindu Rate of Growth", breaking out of the closed, ISI heavy style of economics, becoming more mixed, delicensing (makes private growth easier), embracing IT, call centers, western linkages and English language, agressive restructured private sector, heavy population under 25, multi-polar world shift |
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| Something that matters in society, that gives you a better social status |
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| Something that matters in society, that gives you a better social status |
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| Collier's Three Processes of Globalization |
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| Trade in Goods, Flows of capital, migration of people |
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| Laissez-Faire Economics, government and markets are completely separate, government should only do taxes. Ends with Great Depression |
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| Heavy government regulation and oversight in markets, New Deal policies, government guides the markets, Keynesianism. Ends after hyperinflation and mass debt |
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| De-regulations, let the markets work. Market fundamentalism, with minimal government intervention. Ends with Great Recession |
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| Hybrid model between government and markets. Markets drive growth, governments step in when market fails. Requires increased cooperation between markets and governments |
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| Criticisms of Poverty Lab |
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| Requires a lot of man-hours, can results be applied anywhere else? Is it really economics? Can we find long-term effects? |
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| Expansion, concentration, and acceleration of worldwide relations |
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