Term
| international political economy |
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Definition
| study of intersection between politics and economics and how changes occur in the distribution of states wealth and power |
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Term
| When did intl political economy emerge as area of study |
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Definition
| 1970 following economic crises, today focus on globalization |
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Term
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Definition
| relationship between geography and economic conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| increased integration of everything with everything else |
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Term
| effects of globalization on exchange of money |
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Definition
1)states have less control over their currency
2)increased financial interdependence among states |
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Term
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Definition
| the increasing trans nationalization of nation markets through worldwide integration of capital flows |
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Term
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Definition
| the selling of one currency (or product) and purchase of another to make a profit on the changing exchange rates |
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Term
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Definition
| gross domestic product is the total value of all goods and services produced in a country within a year |
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Term
| value of stock market bonds and derivatives is... |
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Definition
| much larger than the global GDP |
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Term
| the global capital market exposes what |
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Definition
| the limitations of states |
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Term
| four ways central banks regulate inflation/regulate the economy |
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Definition
1)change money supply
2)manipulate interest rates
3)control inflation
4)promote economic growth/trade |
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Term
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Definition
| 44 nations led by US creating post WW2 system to avoid future financial crises and help rebuild europe |
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Term
| Bretton woods system eventually called |
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Definition
| embedded liberalism, the compromise between US and Britain on ideas at BW (mix of comm. libsm and mercantilism) |
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Term
| the US advocated for what at BW |
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Definition
| free trade, open markets, monetary stability, based on commercial liberalism |
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Term
| Britain advocated for what at BW |
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Definition
| strong govt action when states face economic issues, like mercantilism |
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Term
| Liberal International Economic Order (LIEO) |
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Definition
| system created post WW2 which promoted free trade, monetary stability, reduced barriers for capital flow |
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Term
| institutions that maintain LIEO |
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Definition
-general agreement on tariffs and trade (GATT then WTO)
-World Bank
-IMF |
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Term
| what happened in 1970 in relation to BW system |
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Definition
| President Nixon said price of gold no longer tied to dollar |
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Term
| when did the BW system become unsustainable |
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Definition
| 1960s, by 1970 holdings outside US was 4x amount of dollars backed by US gold |
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Term
| After BW system ended what took over |
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Definition
| floating exchange rates set by market forces |
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Term
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Definition
| loans for economic development, gives low interest loans to global south |
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Term
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Definition
| International Bank for reconstruction and development (IBRD) |
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Term
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Definition
| UN agency that stabilizes currency exchange rates, lender of last resort loans |
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Term
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Definition
| structural adjustment programs, prereqs set forth by IMF and WB to get assistance, started in 80s latin merica |
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Term
| what did the SAPs say countries must do |
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Definition
| reduce gov spending, privatize industries, increase interest rate/devalue currency, trade liberalization |
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Term
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Definition
-loss of gov jobs
-form of neocolonialism
-privatizing benefit MNCs
-no subsidies on food, gas etc |
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Term
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Definition
| heavily indebted poor countries initiative |
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Term
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Definition
| started by IMF/WB in 1996 to help 39 countries where debt = 28% of gov revenue |
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Term
| effects of 2008 financial crisis |
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Definition
-call for govt involvement
-austerity measures vs stimulus spending
-some looked to Marxism and feminism
-question whether euro or yen should be reserve currency |
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Term
| MNCs control how much of world production and exports |
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Definition
| 1/4th of world production and 2/3 of exports |
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Term
| biggest result of globalization |
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Definition
| trade, however doesn't affect all nations equally |
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Term
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Definition
| the difference between growth rates in trade and world gross domestic product |
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Term
| foreign direct investment increased how much between 1970 and 2000 |
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Definition
| increased by 100 times, 4x increase in FDI to developing countries from 1995-2011 |
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Term
| how many people work away from home |
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Definition
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Term
| increased size in labor force has led to what.. |
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Definition
| decline in wages, decreased negotiating power, but increased purchasing power |
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Term
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Definition
| manufacture goods near where they are sold to increase efficiency |
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Term
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Definition
better technologies/labor practices
improve worker skills & productivity
increase in education/healthcare
FDI found to decrease child labor |
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Term
| three main functions of the GATT |
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Definition
| reciprocity, nondiscrimination, transparency |
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Term
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Definition
| mutual lowering of trade barriers |
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Term
| nondiscrimination premise |
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Definition
| all members have the same level of access to markets of other member states |
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Term
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Definition
| trade regulations and barriers needed to be clearly articulate |
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Term
| commercial liberalism says |
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Definition
| free trade/cooperation with minimal state regulation benefits all and promotes peace |
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Term
| who laid the foundations for commercial liberalism |
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Definition
| Adam smith in his 1776 book the wealth of nations |
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Term
| Adam smith said what in his book |
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Definition
| the invisible hand, people pursuing their own self interest will maximize societal interests as well |
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Term
| adam smith said what about trade between states |
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Definition
| absolute advantage, a state should only produce goods in which their cost of production is lowest in comparison with other countries |
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Term
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Definition
| david ricardo, if a state does not have an absolute advantage it will still benefit if it can specialize in the production of goods that it can produce at a lower opportunity cost |
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Term
| mercantilism is related to what theory.. |
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Definition
| extension of realist thought |
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Term
| mercantilism basic premises |
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Definition
1)power politics determines economics
2)wealth and economic growth = power
3)the state is involved in the economy |
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Term
| classic mercantilism emerged when |
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Definition
| late fifteenth century during the first wave of colonialism |
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Term
| classic mercantilists viewed what as the route to power and wealth |
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Definition
| gold and silver accumulation was the route to power and wealth, imperialism was the means to that end |
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Term
| what kind of gains are more important to mercantilists |
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Definition
| relative gains, they wanna win because nation security and interest is important, they don't care about anyone else winning |
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Term
| hegemonic stability theory |
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Definition
| global hegemon regulates free trade and peace (US), hegemon maintains system because benefits are worth cost |
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Term
| underlying assumption of hegemonic stability theory |
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Definition
| a stable and prosperous global economy is a collective good, anyone can use it |
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Term
| collective action dilemma |
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Definition
| if there is not accountability for maintaining or providing the good, it may cease to exist (diffusion of responsibility) |
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Term
| commercial liberalism says that trade ties... |
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Definition
| discourage military conflict |
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Term
| benefits for states that have liberalized trade.. |
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Definition
economic growth education
democratization human rights
life expectancy food security |
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Term
| economic sanctions are a form of: |
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Definition
| coercive diplomacy, successful 5-33% of time, used more after cold war can hurt citizens (Iraq 250k kids dead) new focus on smart sanctions |
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Term
| protectionist trade tricks |
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Definition
tax on import goods (tariffs)
import/export quotas
infant industry protection |
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Term
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Definition
| govt tariffs to offset suspected subsidies provided by foreign governments to their producers |
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Term
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Definition
| taxes placed on another exporting states alleged selling of a product at a cost below the price to produce it |
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Term
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Definition
| US agency for international development |
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Term
| What industry does the US still protect with tariffs |
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Definition
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Term
| World Trade Organization began as.. |
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Definition
| General agreement on trade and tariffs, Bretton woods 1944 |
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Term
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Definition
| promote LIEO and free trade, manages trade disputes so can enforce rules |
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Term
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Definition
| grew from 23 to 159 today + 25 observers |
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Term
| Regional Trade agreements |
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Definition
| regional agreements among states, examples: EU, Mercosur, ASEAN, NAFTA |
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Term
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Definition
| mini agreements between countries or groups of countries under the auspices of the WTO |
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Term
| by what percent did world trade fall in 2008 then rebound by in 2010 |
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Definition
2008: dropped 9% then 12.2% in 2009
2010: rebounded with growth of 13.8% |
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Term
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Definition
1964: 2.2
Now: 1.3%
Gonna drop to 1.1% in 2015 |
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Term
| replacement level fertility |
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Definition
| one couple replacing themselves on avg with two children so that a countries population growth will remain stable |
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Term
| what must happen for the global population to stabilize.. |
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Definition
| fertility rates must drop below the replacement level fertility |
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Term
| what is the current replacement level fertility rate |
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Definition
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Term
| Europe used to have what portion of population |
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Definition
| 1/3 of global pop, gonna be less than 8% by 2050 |
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Term
| what percent of global south is under age 15 |
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Definition
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Term
| global south accounts for what percent of worlds total population growth |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| money sent home from migrant workers |
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Term
| number of refugees in 2014 |
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Definition
| 15.2 million, 5 million Palestinian over half of rest Iraqi or Afghani |
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Term
| Internally Displaced peoples |
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Definition
| 38 million worldwide, flee their home just to another part of country (DRC, Iraq, Nigeria, Syria) |
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Term
| what percentage of world population lives in cities |
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Definition
| half, expected to be 2/3rds by 2050 |
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Term
| people with HIV age 18-49 |
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Definition
| 55 million, 8k deaths daily, 67% live in Africa |
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Term
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Definition
| result of a widespread deadly disease or other natural catastrophe |
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Term
| percent of ppl that live on 1.25 a day and 2 a day |
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Definition
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Term
| worlds wealthiest 20% consume... |
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Definition
| 60-90% of resources, while poorest 20% consumes 2% |
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Term
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Definition
| life expectancy, literacy, income, years of education, scores range from 0-1 with 1 being highest |
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Term
| Inequality adjusted human development index |
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Definition
| index that accounts for impact of inequality on human development |
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Term
| united nations development program |
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Definition
| from millennium development goals to sustainable development goals |
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Term
| # of indigenous peoples worldwide |
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Definition
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Term
| # indigenous people killed by state sponsored violence from 1900-1987 |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| 0-1, 1 being worst, measures political/educational empowerment, economic participation and reproduction health |
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Term
| women invest what percent of their income in the family |
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Definition
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Term
| human trafficking is the _____ largest.. |
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Definition
| third largest illicit business after gun and drugs |
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Term
| what percent of human trafficking is for sexual exploitation |
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Definition
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Term
| death claims how many children under the age of 5 in the global south every year |
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Definition
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Term
| universal declaration of human rights |
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Definition
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Term
| intl covenant on civil and political right |
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Definition
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Term
| intl covenant on economic social and cultural rights |
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Definition
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Term
| problems with human rights treaties |
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Definition
states ratify, don't follow
UNHCR no power to enforce3
NGO's step in to draw awareness name shame |
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Term
| enforcement problems with human rights issues |
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Definition
| violating sovereignty with R2P |
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Term
| 3 arguments against promotion of human rights |
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Definition
1) realists say could be against national interest
2) violates sovereignty, intrusive into domestic affairs
3) form of moral imperialism |
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Term
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Definition
| posits that environmental threats are just as dangerous as the threat of armed conflicts |
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Term
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Definition
| group of experts on a subject of inquiry such as global warming |
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Term
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Definition
| the air we breath, things that all of mankind uses, reflects interdependence |
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Term
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Definition
| diffusion of responsibility leads to destruction of environment |
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Term
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Definition
| optimists that say markets maintain a balance between population, resources, and the enviroment |
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Term
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Definition
| pessimists who warn of the global danger of uninhibited population growth |
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Term
| how many warmest years on record has there been since 2000 |
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Definition
| 9 of the 10 warmest years since 1880 have occurred after 2000 |
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Term
| UN intergovernmental panel on climate change |
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Definition
| epistemic community of scientists who say global warming is because of humans |
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Term
| what treaty reduced CFC use by 90% |
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Definition
| the 1987 Montreal protocol on substances which deplete the ozone layer had 197 signatories |
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Term
| what percentage of species on earth live in tropical forests |
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Definition
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Term
| how many species become extinct every year |
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Definition
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Term
| what percentage of the worlds forests are in the global south |
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Definition
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Term
| The convention on biological diversity premise |
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Definition
| 1992, conserve biological diversity and share resources arising from such diversity |
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Term
| desertification affects what percent of earths landmass |
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Definition
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Term
| since 1970 the US has _____ energy efficiency |
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Definition
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Term
| by 2030 oil demand will increase by ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| of the 20 largest oil companies how many are state owned |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| organization of petroleum exporting countries |
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Term
| sustainable development movement started when and where |
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Definition
| Stockholm, 1972, economic growth that does not deplete the resources needed to maintain life and prosperity |
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Term
| food production must increase by ___ by 2050 to keep up with demand |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| intl treaty on environment, 156 countries agreed to cut emissions below 1990 levels by 2012 |
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