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Integumentary System
Anatomy BIO 4 Hoffman, Cabrillo, Integumentary system
76
Anatomy
Undergraduate 1
02/19/2014
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Term
functions of skin (5)
 Definition
-protection
-temperature regulation
-sensation
-excretion of waste
-synthesis of Vitamin D
Term
types of tissues in the skin (4)
 Definition
-epithelial
-muscle
-nervous
-connective
Term
stem cells (2)
 Definition
-undifferentiated
-live in epidermis (stratum basale)
Term
keratinocytes (4)
 Definition
-majority of epidermis layer
-produce keratin (tough/waterproof)
-dead at the surface
-35-45 day life
Term
melanocytes (3)
 Definition
-produce pigment and distribute it
-have arms for pigment distribution
-sheilds skin from UV
Term
tactile cells(2)
 Definition
-disc-shaped
-nervous cells detect sensations
Term
dendritic cells (3)
 Definition
-immune cells
-move around patroling and go to lymph nodes to sound alarm if needed
-originate in bone marrow
Term
layers of epidermis (5)
 Definition
-stratum corneum
-stratum lucidum
-stratum granulosum
-stratum spinosum
-stratum basale
Term
stratum corneum
 Definition
-30 layers of dead keratinized cells
Term
stratum lucidum (2)
 Definition
-only on hands and feet (extra layer)
-clear - doesn't take stain/dye
Term
stratum granulosum (2)
 Definition
-mostly keratinocytes
-release lipid mixture for waterproofing
Term
stratum spinosum (3)
 Definition
-looks spiny
-thickest layer of keratinocytes
-also includes dendritic cells
Term
stratum basale (3)
 Definition
-stem cells divide here making new keratinocytes
-melanocytes and tactile cells also live here
-layer closest to dermis
Term
psoriasis
 Definition
accelerated mitosis causing skin flaking
Term
dander
 Definition
flaking of keratinocytes
Term
dandruff
 Definition
dander stuck together with sebum
Term
callus
 Definition
mitosis accelerated because of rubbing
Term
melanin (2 types)
 Definition
-eumelanin
-pheomelanin
Term
eumelanin
 Definition
darker skin pigment
Term
pheomelanin
 Definition
reddish skin pigment
Term
cyanosis
 Definition
blue skin tint
Term
erythema
 Definition
red skin tint
Term
jaundice
 Definition
yellow skin tint
Term
pallor
 Definition
white skin tint
Term
albinism
 Definition
lack of skin pigment
Term
hematoma
 Definition
bruise
Term
vitiligo
 Definition
lack of melanin in skin, unknown cause
Term
impetigo
 Definition
fungal lack of pigment in skin
Term
tattoos in
 Definition
dermis
Term
dermis structure (2)
 Definition
-largest part of skin
-contains blood vessels, nerves, glands, hair follicles, collagen and elastin
Term
stretch marks
 Definition
tearing of collagen fibers in dermis
Term
hypodermis (3)
 Definition
-AKA subcutaneous layer
-fat cells
-stabilizes position of skin
Term
papillary layer
 Definition
thin layer of dermis rich with small blood vessels close to epidermis
Term
reticular layer
 Definition
thick, deep layer of dermis
Term
lanugo
 Definition
hair of a fetus
Term
vellus
 Definition
hair of a newborn
Term
terminal hair
 Definition
adult hair
Term
medulla
 Definition
center air space in hair
Term
cortex
 Definition
bulk of hair cells around the medulla
Term
hair cuticle
 Definition
outer flaky layer of hair
Term
what makes hair straight
 Definition
round
Term
wavy hair is becuase
 Definition
hair is oval
Term
gray hair is becuase
 Definition
melanins are lost
Term
hair shaft
 Definition
outside of skin
Term
hair root
 Definition
under the skin
Term
hair bulb
 Definition
where hair grows from
Term
hair bulb matrix
 Definition
living cells divide and grow from here
Term
hair follicle
 Definition
cells lining the outside of hair root
Term
papillae
 Definition
artery and vein irrigation of hair bulb
Term
anagen hair phase
 Definition
growing, attached to bulb, living matrix
Term
catagen hair phase
 Definition
no more hair growth, detatched from bulb.
Term
2 types of sweat glands
 Definition
-merocrine
-apocrine
Term
merocrine glands (2)
 Definition
-everywhere, especially in hands, feet and forehead
-watery sweat
Term
apocrine glands (2)
 Definition
-at base of hair follicles
-oily secretion
Term
sebaceous glands (2)
 Definition
-secrete sebum (oily)
-connected to hair follicles
Term
mammary glands
 Definition
secrete milk
Term
ceriminous glansd
 Definition
secrete wax at ears
Term
warts
 Definition
virus
Term
crab louse/head louse
 Definition
mite
Term
athlete's foot
 Definition
fungus
Term
acne
 Definition
inflammation of sebaceous glands
Term
tinea versicolor
 Definition
yeast - inhibit melanin enzyme
Term
herpes zoster
 Definition
virus
Term
shingles
 Definition
virus
Term
ringworm
 Definition
fungus
Term
basal cell carcinoma
 Definition
-most common
-least dangerous
-originates in stratum germinativum
Term
squamous cell carcinoma
 Definition
arises from keratinocytes
-can metastasize
Term
malignant melanoma
 Definition
-most dangerous
-5% of skin cancers
-metastasizes quickly
Term
nail plate
 Definition
hard part of nail
Term
free edge of nail
 Definition
part hanging over edge of finger
Term
nail fold
 Definition
skin around nail
Term
nail groove
 Definition
groove between nail and skin
Term
nail bed
 Definition
skin under nail (hyponichium)
Term
nail matrix
 Definition
proximal part of nail where it grows from
Term
lunule
 Definition
moon shape at proximal end of nail
Term
eponychium
 Definition
cuticle
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