Term
| The deepest epidermal layer that is firmly attached to the dermis. |
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Definition
| Stratum Basale (Basal Layer) |
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Term
| This epidermal layers helps to regenerate skin, consists of actively miotic stem cells, and consists of a single row of the youngest keratinocytes. |
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Definition
| Stratum Basale (Basal Layer) |
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Term
| Cells in this layer undergo rapid division, hence its alternate name, stratum germinativum. |
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Definition
| Stratum Basale (Basal Layer) |
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Term
| The outermost layer of keratinized cells. |
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Definition
| Stratum Corneum (Horny Layer) |
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Term
| This layer of the epidermis accounts for three quarters of the epidermal thickness. Functions include waterproofing, protection from abrasion and penetration, and rendering the body relatively insensitive to biological, chemical, and physical assaults. |
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Definition
| Stratum Corneum (Horny Layer) |
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Term
| Name the 2 layers of the dermis |
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Definition
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Term
| Consists of areolar connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers. |
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Definition
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Term
| Its superior surface contains peglike projections called dermal papillae. Dermal papillae contain capillary loops, Meissner's Corpuscles, and free nerve endings. |
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Definition
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Term
| This layer accounts for approximately 80% of the thickness of the skin. |
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Definition
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Term
| Consists of collagen fibers in this layer that add strength and resiliency to the skin. Elastin fibers provide stretch-recoil properties. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 6 functions of the integumentary system. |
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Definition
Protection
Body Temperature Regulation
Cutaneous Sensation
Metabolic Functions
Blood Reservoir
Excretion |
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Term
| How does the skin serve as a protection barrier? |
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Definition
Chemical Barriers - Slightly acidic surface (helps protect from bacterial invasion)
Physical/Mechanical Barriers
Biological Barriers |
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Term
| How does the skin serve to regulate blood temperature? |
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Definition
Dilation (cooling) and contriction (warming) of dermal vessels.
Increasing sweat gland secretions to cool the body |
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Term
| How does the skin provide cutaneous sensation. |
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Definition
| Exoreceptors sense touch and pain |
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Term
| What are the skins metabolic functions. |
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Definition
| Synthesis of vitamin D in dermal blood vessels |
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Term
| How is the skin a blood reservoir? |
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Definition
| Skin blood vessels store up to 5% of the body's blood volume |
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Term
| How does the skin perform excretion? |
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Definition
| Limited amounts of nitrogenous wastes are eliminated from the body in sweat |
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Term
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Definition
1. Superficial Partial Thickness
2. Partial Thickness
3. Full Thickness |
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Term
| Which this type of burn, only the epidemis is damaged. Symptoms include localized redness, swelling, and pain. |
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Definition
| Superficial Partial Thickness |
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Term
| This type of burn is where the epidermis and upper regions of dermis are damaged. Symptoms include redness, swelling, pain, and blisters. |
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Definition
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Term
| With this burn, the entire epidermis and part of the papillary dermis is damaged. |
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Definition
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Term
| This is the most painful type of burn because nerve endings are exposed. It can heal on its own in 7-14 days. |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of burn is painful because free nerve endings are closer to the surface than normal. |
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Definition
| Superficial Partial Thickness |
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Term
| This burn is where the entire thickness of the skin is damaged. This is where the burn goes all the way into the reticular layer. |
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Definition
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Term
| This type of burn appears gray-white, cherry red, or black; there is less pain or no pain because the free nerve endings are destroyed. |
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Definition
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Term
| Most of these types of burns will require skin grafting to heal because these burns will not heal on their own. |
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Definition
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Term
| __ will be performed in the case of a circumferential burn in which the blood flow to the distal extremity is comprised. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why must PTs be very aggressive with burn pts? |
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Definition
| Burn scar contracture can occur in 1-4 days |
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Term
| Has the potential to heal on its own from the edges. Slow to heal. If large, will get grafted. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does TBSA stand for? |
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Definition
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Term
| Usually an electrical burn. There will be an entrace and exit wound. It can go down to the muscle/bone. |
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Definition
| Subdermal Burn (4 degree) |
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Term
| Imbalances in essential nutrients can lead to what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Deficiencies of __ __ interfere with protein synthesis, which is needed to replace those lost thru normal catabolism, growth, and in preparation for cell replication. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are normal albumin levels? |
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Definition
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Term
| The lab value that is most widely used to measure protein. |
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Definition
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Term
| __ __ is needed after cell injury for healing to occur. |
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Definition
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Term
| What 2 nutrients are essential in wound healing? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the phases of wound healing. |
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Definition
Inflammatory Phase
Proliferation Phase
(Epithelialization Phase included here)
Remodeling Phase |
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Term
| Name 3 chemical mediators that are released during the inflammatory phase. |
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Definition
Histamine
Kinins
Prostaglandins |
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Term
| Promotes vasodilation of local arterioles, increases permeability of local capillaries, promotes exudates formation. |
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Definition
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Term
| Induce chemotaxis of leukocytes and induced pain |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Stimulats fibroblast activity |
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Definition
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Term
| Release results in increased capillary permeability and capillaries leak fluid |
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Definition
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Term
| Allows more filtrate containing oxygen, nutrients, blood clotting proteins, and antibodies to enter the inflamed area. |
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Definition
| Increased capillary permeability |
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Term
| Eat debris, activates and stops inflammatory response |
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Definition
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Term
| During this phase of wound healing, there is hemostasis and breakdown of debris/pathogens at the site and platelets |
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Definition
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Term
| Derived growth factor (PDGF) for clot formation |
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Definition
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Term
| Also secrete cytokines and growth factors that bring important players at the injury site. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 4 cardinal signs of the inflammatory phase |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the goals for the inflammatory phase? |
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Definition
1. Control bleeding, swelling and pain
2. Ice, pressure, assist with clotting |
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Term
| Too much __ requires debridement |
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Definition
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Term
| 1st on the seen to combat infection |
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Definition
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Term
| This phase of wound healing begins once fibroblasts arrive. |
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Definition
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Term
| Begins after 3-5 days and can last for weeks |
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Definition
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Term
| __ tissue is stimulated by macrophases |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 ways in which granulation tissue is stimulated by macrophages. |
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Definition
1. Cross linking of collagen
2. Fibroblasts form chains that coil and form spirals that overlap
3. 3 chains involved to give you granulation tissue |
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Term
| This process/phase stimulates angiogenesis and fibroplasias |
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Definition
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Term
| Growth factor release stimulates __ to the area |
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Definition
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Term
| In this phase, the wound bed matrix is established |
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Definition
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Term
| During the proliferation phase, why are fibroblasts moving into the space and angiogenesis is occurring? |
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Definition
| Need blood flow to area, otherwise will become ischemic and die |
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Term
| Eschar presents in the proliferation phase, what does eschar mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is eschar good for healing? |
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Definition
| NO, bad because it impedes fibroblasts, histamine, and prostaglandin function |
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Term
| Where skin is coming together and putting ont he top layer to cover the wound |
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Definition
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Term
| Times when epithelial cells proceed faster than granulation tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| This race is more prone to excessive scarring. |
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Definition
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Term
| Creates cosmetic and function problems (compression garments for burn pts help with excessive contraction that creates excessive scarring) |
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Definition
| Excessive wound contraction |
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Term
| __ and __ - after this phase, wound has 80% of pre-wound strength |
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Definition
| Contracture and Fibroplasia |
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Term
| This phase consists of resurfacing and closure. Keratinocytes move in and close wound and melanocytes give color. Cells in the dermis start to lose adhesion and move across the matrix in a leapfrog fashion |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Where collagen becomes deposited into matrix, becomes organized. Collagen fibers are laid down in a linear fashion to give you a stable scar. Continue with ROM to amke sure the scar remains flexible and doesn't contract. |
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Definition
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Term
| During this phase, the scar becomes avascular and white, decreases in fibroblasts, decreased number of capillaries. Sometimes may have an increase in capillaries, which causes a hypertrophic scar. |
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Definition
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Term
| __ tissue turns into scar tissue |
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Definition
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Term
| The remodeling phase can continue for 1-2 years. On average, the wound would be healed between __ |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 3 Rs for hypertrophic |
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Definition
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Term
| Has the 3 R's, but with surrounding tissue involved as well. Grows out of its defined area of injury. Will not regress on its own, if excised, will grow back. May need surgery to remove. |
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Definition
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