Term
| What are the two layers of the skin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What layer do both the epidermis & dermis rest upon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Considered to be superficial fascia and not part of the integumentary system |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of skin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) 400-600 um thick
2) prominent stratum corneum
3) robust stratum granulosum
4) distinct stratum lucidum
5) palms & soles of feet
6) covers most of body surface
7) lacks:
- hair follicles
- sebaceous glands
- arrector pili |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) 75-150 um thick
2) less prominent stratum corneum
3) poorly developed/absent stratum granulosum
4) no obvious stratum lucidum
5) covers most of body surface
6) contains:
- hair follicles
- sebaceous glands
- arrector pili |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the skin? |
|
Definition
1) barrier
- physical
- chemical
- biological
2) immunologic function
3) homeostasis
- temperature
- water balance
4) sensory info to CNS
5) Vitamin D synthesis
6) Excretion
- sweat
- sebum (apocrine) |
|
|
Term
| What is the superficial-most layer of the skin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What embryological level is the epidermis derived from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the epidermis classfied? |
|
Definition
| stratified squamos keratinized epithelium |
|
|
Term
| What is the epidermis predominantly composed of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is the epidermis a highly regenerative layer? |
|
Definition
| Yes, completely regenerates every 30 days |
|
|
Term
| When is mitotic activity of keratinocytes highest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the epidermis rest on besides the hypodermis? |
|
Definition
| Dermal papillae that form epidermal ridges |
|
|
Term
| What are dermal papillae? |
|
Definition
| Projections of the dermis called dermal papillae which form epidermal ridges (fingerprints) |
|
|
Term
| What are the layers of the epidermis? |
|
Definition
1) Stratum basale (germinativum)
2) Stratum spinosum
3) Stratum granulosum
4) Stratum lucidum
5) Stratum corneum |
|
|
Term
| What is the deepest layer of the epidermis? What type of epithelium does it consist of? |
|
Definition
1) Stratum basale
2) simple cuboidal cells resting on the basement membrane |
|
|
Term
| How is the stratum basale attached to the basement layer? |
|
Definition
| Via fibrils and hemidesmosomes |
|
|
Term
| What is the most mitotically active layer of the epidermis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F: Stratum basale does not contain stem cells |
|
Definition
| F: Contains stem cells from which new keratinocytes are derived which then rise to upper layers |
|
|
Term
| What two other cell types are found in the stratum basale? |
|
Definition
| Melanocytes & Merkel's cells |
|
|
Term
| Is the stratum spinosum a single layer or multiple layers thick? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is the stratum spinosum called the spinous/prickle cell layer? |
|
Definition
| Because it contains intercellular junctions |
|
|
Term
| Is the stratum spinosum mitotically active? |
|
Definition
| Yes, in the deeper layers |
|
|
Term
| What happens to cells as they move from deep to superficial? |
|
Definition
| Their cytoplasmic volume increases & they become more flattened |
|
|
Term
| Is the stratum granulosum just a single layer or multiple layers? |
|
Definition
| It ranges from one to multiple |
|
|
Term
| What is the most superficial layer with nucleated cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do cells look in the s. granulosum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What proteins do cells in the s. granulosum contain? |
|
Definition
1) keratohyalin (granules)
2) keratin (filaments) |
|
|
Term
| Where is the stratum lucidum found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Do cells in the stratum lucidum contain nuclei or organelles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance thought to be a metabolite of keratohyalin and is found in the s. lucidum |
|
|
Term
| Describe the appearance of s. lucidum |
|
Definition
1) transparent, refractile layer
2) superficial to s. granulosum
3) can look more eosinophilic than overlying layers |
|
|
Term
| What is the most superficial layer of skin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many layers thick is the s. corneum? |
|
Definition
| 15-20 layers of non-nucleated cells |
|
|
Term
| What protein is predominantly found in s. corneum? |
|
Definition
| High amounts of filamentous keratin |
|
|
Term
| What are structures in the s. corneum called? |
|
Definition
| Squames, which are continuously shed by desquamation |
|
|
Term
| What are the cells of the epidermis? |
|
Definition
1) keratinocytes
2) Melanocytes
3) Langerhan's cells
4) Merkel's cells |
|
|
Term
| Describe s. basale keratinocytes |
|
Definition
1) basophilic due to free ribosomes
2) long axis perpendicular to s. basale
3) large #'s of tonofilaments which are intermediate keratin filaments |
|
|
Term
| Describe s. spinosum keratinocytes |
|
Definition
1) cytoplasm starts to become more eosinophilic due to increased levels of tonofilaments
2) cuboidal to polygonal w/ a central nucleus
3) In upper layer cells begin to synthesize keratohyalin granules as well as glycolipids containing lamellar bodies |
|
|
Term
| What are lamellar bodies? |
|
Definition
| Membrane coating granules |
|
|
Term
| Describe s. granulosum keratinocytes |
|
Definition
1) coarse, basophilic cytoplasm due to large amounts of keratohyalin granules which are not surrounded by a membrane
2) cells are flattened, polygonal 3-5 layers thick
3) High amounts of lamellar granules
- membrane bound
- visible by EM
4) containing glycol/phosphor lipid disks that fuse with the apical
cell membrane & extrude their contents by exocytosis into the intercellular space |
|
|
Term
| Describe s. lucidum keratinocytes |
|
Definition
1) weakly eosinophilic
2) extremely flat, no nucleus
3) cytoplasm contains high amounts of densely packed filaments embedded in electron-dense matrix |
|
|
Term
| Describe s. corneum keratinocytes |
|
Definition
1) eosinophilic due to high amounts of keratin
2) very flat, 15-20 layers thick, no nucleus
3) |
|
|
Term
| How long does keratinization take to complete? |
|
Definition
| 2-6 hours, which is same amount of time it takes for keratinocytes to leave s. granulosum and enter s. corneum |
|
|
Term
| Where are melanocytes found and what embryological layer are they derived from? |
|
Definition
1) s. basale
2) neural crest |
|
|
Term
| How are melanocytes connected to s. basale? |
|
Definition
| 1) attached to basal lamina via hemidesmosomes |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of a melanocyte? |
|
Definition
1) synthesize a dark brown pigment (melanin), which is compartmentalized in oval-shaped organelles (melanosomes)
2) serves to protect from UV radiation |
|
|
Term
| What enzyme do melanosomes contain? |
|
Definition
1) tyrosinase
- UV-sensitive enzyme involved in melanin synthesis |
|
|
Term
| What is ratio of melanocytes:keratinocytes? |
|
Definition
| ratio of melanocytes:keratinocytes is from 1:4 to 1:10 and is constant in all races |
|
|
Term
| Where is tyrosinase synthesized? |
|
Definition
1) tyrosinase is synthesized on ribosomes
2) transported in the lumen of the rough ER of melanocytes
3) accumulated in vesicles formed at the Golgi zone |
|
|
Term
| What are the two forms of melanin? |
|
Definition
1) eumelanin
- brownish-black
2) pheomelanin
- reddish-yellow |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 distinct stages of mature melanin? |
|
Definition
1) premelanosome
2) melanosome
3) Increased melanin formation makes fine structure less apparent
4) mature melanin visible under light micro
- ellipsoid
- injected into keratinocytes by cytocrine secretion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) Vesicle surrounded by a membrane
2) shows beginning of tryosinase activity & formation of fine granular material
3) electron-dense strands show orderly arrangement of tryosinase molecules on a protein matrix |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) ovoid
2) interiorly shows cross-striations of melanin (10nm) |
|
|
Term
| What is cytocrine secretion? |
|
Definition
1) exocytosis w/ concomitant endocytosis
2) tips of melanocyte processes are phagocytized by receiving keratinocytes
3) results in transfer of melanocytes to keratinocytes w/ very little cytoplasm transfer |
|
|
Term
| Abnormalities w/ melanin formation/distribution |
|
Definition
1) Addison's Disease
- lack of cortisol from adrenal cortex
- causes overproduction of ACTH
- increases pimentation of skin
- caused by dysfunction of adrenal glands
2) Albinism
- hereditary inability of melanocytes to synthesize melanin
- caused by absence of tryosinase activity or inability of cells to take up tyrosine
- skin not protected from solar radiation by melanin
- leads to greater instance of squamos and basal cell carcinoma
3) Vitiligo
- genetically regulated degeneration & disappearance of entire melanocytes |
|
|
Term
| What are Langheran's cells? |
|
Definition
| 1) Play a role in delayed hypersensitivity rxns |
|
|
Term
| Where are Langerhan's cells found? |
|
Definition
| Typically in stratum spinosum |
|
|
Term
| Where do Langerhan's cells originate? |
|
Definition
1) bone marrow
2) represent 1-3% of epidermal cells |
|
|
Term
| What cells are also referred to as dendritic cells because of their long processes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are Langerhan's cells clear or dark staining? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What specific granule to Langerhan's cells contain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Birbeck granules? |
|
Definition
1) Found in Langerhan's cells
2) contents involved in activation of T lymphocytes |
|
|
Term
| How can you describe the ultrastructure of a Langerhan's cell? |
|
Definition
1) lack of desmosomal connection with adjacent keratinocytes
2) lack of tonofilaments
3) indented nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) Play a role in perception and local endocrine control |
|
|
Term
| Where can you find Merkel's cells? |
|
Definition
1) in s. basale
2) near areas of well-vascularized, richly innervated CT
3) 1-3% of epidermal cells (clear staining) |
|
|
Term
| Where do Merkel's cells originate? |
|
Definition
1) Epithelium
2) Based on presence of desmosomes and tonofilaments |
|
|
Term
| Describe Merkel's cells cytoplasm |
|
Definition
1) pale-staining
2) presence of small, dense-cored granules |
|
|
Term
| What region of the body would you find high concentrations of Merkel's cells? |
|
Definition
1) Fingertips
- acute sensory |
|
|
Term
| What is a Merkel's corpuscle? |
|
Definition
| 1) consists of Merkel cell and neuron that receives it's afferent info |
|
|
Term
| What type of nucleus do Merkel's cells have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another term for the dermis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the origin of the dermis? |
|
Definition
| Mesoderm; immediately underneath epidermis |
|
|
Term
| What is dermis composed of? |
|
Definition
| 1) Dense, irregular CT containing Type I collagen & thick elastic fibers |
|
|
Term
| How is the dermis structurally organized? |
|
Definition
| 1) Papillary layer and a reticular layer |
|
|
Term
| What does the papillary layer consist of? |
|
Definition
1) uneven, thin
2) forms substance of dermal papillae which interdigitate w/ s. basale of epidermis
3) composed of thin, loosely arranged types I/III collagen fibers and cells
4) Contains capillary loops that nourish but do not enter Meissner's corpuscles |
|
|
Term
| What are Meissner's corpuscles? |
|
Definition
| 1) fine-touch sensory receptors |
|
|
Term
| Where do you find the reticular dermis? |
|
Definition
| Deep to the papillary dermis & constitutes major portion of dermis |
|
|
Term
| What is reticular layer composed of? |
|
Definition
| 1) Dense bundles of Type I collagen fibers & thick elastic fibers arranged into regular lines of tension called Langer's lines |
|
|
Term
| How does reticular layer compare to papillary layer? |
|
Definition
1) thicker
2) less cellular
3) more leukocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) where epithelial derived structures including glands & hair follicles are found |
|
|
Term
| What special structures does the reticular layer contain? |
|
Definition
| 1) Pacinian corpuscles & Krause's end-bulbs |
|
|
Term
| What are Pacinian corpuscles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Krause's end-bulbs? |
|
Definition
| 1) Cold & pressure receptors |
|
|
Term
| What causes characteristic "puckering" of some areas of body? |
|
Definition
| 1) contraction of smooth muscle cells in deeper portions of reticular dermis in areolae, penis, scrotum, & perineum |
|
|
Term
| Describe some age-related changes in dermis: |
|
Definition
1) Collagen fibers thicken & synthesis decreases
2) elastic fibers thicken & increase
- 5x more in adults than fetal
3) Old-age cross linking of collagen, loss of elastic fibers
4) Degeneration of fibers caused by:
- excessive sun (solar elastosis)
- causes skin to become more fragile
- loss of suppleness
- onset of wrinkling |
|
|
Term
| What is cutis laxa & Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome? |
|
Definition
| 1) considerable increase in skin & ligament extensibility caused by defective collagen-fibril processing |
|
|
Term
| Nerves of structures of skin are: |
|
Definition
1) peripheral terminals of afferent nerves
2) protect epidermis from damage by providing sensitive cutaneous feedback
- allows organism to remove damaging stimuli quickly
3) Supplied w/ efferent nerve endings that supply BV's, arrector pili, and sweat glands
4) Nerve endings characterized as:
- free
- encapsulated |
|
|
Term
| Do free nerve endings have a Schwann cell investment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a free nerve ending end in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What functions do free nerve endings do? |
|
Definition
1) relay info about:
- fine touch
- heat
- cold |
|
|
Term
| Where do free endings attach to hair follicles? |
|
Definition
1) Free dermal endings attach to outer root sheath
2) provides extremely sensitive mechanoreception info |
|
|
Term
| How are free nerve endings represented in the brain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are encapsulated nerve endings enclosed in? |
|
Definition
1) Pacinian corpuscles
2) Meissner's corpuscles
3) Ruffini's corpuscles |
|
|
Term
| What are Pacinian corpuscles? |
|
Definition
1) found in deeper areas of reticular dermis (especially fingertips)
- also in periosteum
- internal organs
- joint CT
2) can be >1mm in diameter
3) myelinated nerve endings surrounded by a capsule
4) respond to pressure & vibration
- displacement of capsule lamellae
- results in depolarization of axon |
|
|
Term
| What are Meissner's corpuscles? |
|
Definition
1) papillary dermis of hairless skin
2) morphologically tapered cylinders
3) 1 or 2 unmyelinated endings of myelinated fibers
- follow spiral paths within corpuscle
4) flattened Schwann cells form irregular lamellae through which axons course to pole of corpuscle
5) convey touch reception
- low frequency vibratory stimuli |
|
|
Term
| What are Ruffini's corpuscles? |
|
Definition
1) reticular dermis, hypodermis, CT of mesenteries & joints
2) especially prevalent in digits & breasts
3) 1 or 2 branched terminals of unmyelinated endings of myelinated fibers
- follow a spiral path in the corpuscle
- function in pressure and touch reception |
|
|
Term
| What are some epidermal skin appendages? |
|
Definition
1) Hair follicles
2) Hair
3) Sebaceous glands
4) Sweat glands
5) Nails |
|
|
Term
| How deep do hair follicles run? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do hair follicles differ between males & females? |
|
Definition
| Same #, different distribution |
|
|
Term
| What is the pilosebaceous apparatus? |
|
Definition
| 1) consists of hair follicle & associated sebaceous & apocrine sweat glands |
|
|
Term
| Where do you find hair follicles? |
|
Definition
1) absent only from:
- sides and palmar surfaces of the hands
- sides and plantar surfaces of the feet
- the lips
- the region around the urogenital orifices |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 segments of a hair follicle? |
|
Definition
1) infundibulum
2) isthmus
3) Inferior segment |
|
|
Term
| What is the infundibulum of a hair follicle? |
|
Definition
1) extends from surface opening of its sebaceous gland
2) part of pilosebaceous canal
- route for sebum discharge |
|
|
Term
| What is the isthums of a hair follicle? |
|
Definition
| 1) infundibulum to insertion of arrector pili muscles |
|
|
Term
| What characteristics do the arrector pili muscles have? |
|
Definition
1) attaches at oblique angle to dermal sheath surrounding follicle
2) extends superficially to underlie sebaceous glands
- passes through reticular layer
- inserts into papillary layer
3) smooth muscle
- contraction elevates hair
- responsible for goose bumps
- depressions in skin where muscle attaches to dermis |
|
|
Term
| What is the inferior segment of a hair follicle? |
|
Definition
1) uniform diameter in developing follicle
except at base: forms the bulb
2) the base of the bulb is invaginated by highly vascularized loose CT referred to as the dermal papilla
3) other cells forming bulb called matrix cells
- germinative layer of the follicle
- divide & account for hair growth
- differentiate into keratin producing cells of the hair & internal root sheath |
|
|
Term
| What is the internal root sheath? |
|
Definition
1) 3 segments
2) Cuticle
3) Huxley's layer
4) Henle's layer |
|
|
Term
| What is the cuticle of a hair follicle? |
|
Definition
| 1) squamos cells whose outer free surfaces face hair shaft |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) forms middle plate of internal root sheath |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) outermost layer of follicle & designated external root sheath |
|
|
Term
| What is hair composed of? |
|
Definition
1) keratinized cells arising from follicles
2) coloration depends on type of melanin and concentration
- eumelanin
- pheomelanin
3) 3 layers |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 layers of a hair? |
|
Definition
1) medulla
2) cortex
3) cuticle |
|
|
Term
| What does the medulla of hair consist of? |
|
Definition
1) central part of hair shaft
2) only in thick hairs |
|
|
Term
| What does the cortex of hair consist of? |
|
Definition
1) peripheral to medulla
2) contains cuboidal cells
3) differentiate into keratin-filled cells |
|
|
Term
| What does the cuticle consist of? |
|
Definition
1) squamos cells that are outermost layer of hair
2) contiguous with cuticle of internal root sheath |
|
|
Term
| Where do sebaceous glands arise from? |
|
Definition
| Develop as an outgrowth of external root sheath of hair follicle |
|
|
Term
| Describe structure of sebaceous glands |
|
Definition
1) branched acinar glands with short ductal portion
2) exist as several glands associated w/ one hair follicle
- empty into neck of hair follicle |
|
|
Term
| Where are sebaceous glands found? |
|
Definition
1) dermis of most of body surface
- exception of palms and soles of feet
2) abundant on face, forehead, scalp |
|
|
Term
| What type of glands are sebaceous glands? |
|
Definition
| Holocrine: release entire cytoplasm upon secretion |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of sebum? |
|
Definition
1) coats hair follicles & surface of skin
2) provides
- bacteriostatic
- emollient
- barrier
- phermonal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1) result of increased sebum production w/ puberty w/ associated focal inflammatory responses w/ increased production |
|
|
Term
| What is the first step of sebum production? |
|
Definition
| Mitotically active cells at periphery of secretory sacs (acini) divide giving rise to daughter cells |
|
|
Term
| What is the 2nd step of sebum production? |
|
Definition
| 1) as daughter cells mature they synthesize lipid-rich secretory product that accumulates in cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
| What is 3rd step of sebum production? |
|
Definition
| 1) nuclei shrink & cells disintegrate releasing secretory product into pilosebaceous canal |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of sweat? |
|
Definition
1) regulate body temperature
2) rid body of waste
- hypotonic solutions w/ salt etc. |
|
|
Term
| What are the two classifications of sweat glands? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are eccrine sweat glands? |
|
Definition
1) not associated w/ hair follicles
2) formed from downgrowths of epithelium |
|
|
Term
| Where are eccrine sweat glands found? |
|
Definition
| 1) entire body surface except lips & external genitalia |
|
|
Term
| How are eccrine sweat glands innervated? |
|
Definition
| Autonomic (cholinergic) fibers |
|
|
Term
| Describe an eccrine sweat gland |
|
Definition
1) coiled
2) simple tubular
3) consists of secretory unit & duct |
|
|
Term
| Where is the secretory unit of an eccrine sweat gland? |
|
Definition
| 1) embedded in reticular dermis |
|
|
Term
| What is secretory unit of an eccrine sweat gland composed of? |
|
Definition
1) dark cells
2) clear cells
3) myoepithelial cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) line the lumen
2) numerous secretory granules
3) secrete mucous-rich material |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) underlie dark cells of eccrine sweat gland
2) rich in mito & glycogen
3) contain intercellular canaliculi
- extend into lumen of gland
4) secrete a watery, electrolyte-rich material |
|
|
Term
| What are myoepithelial cells? |
|
Definition
1) form incomplete layer between clear cells and basal lamina
2) contract and aid in the expression of the gland's secretions into the duct |
|
|
Term
| Describe the duct of an eccrine sweat gland |
|
Definition
1) narrow, lined by stratified cuboidal epithelial cells
- contain keratin filaments
- have prominent terminal web
2) cells of external layer of duct may have many mito and prominent nucleus
3) modifies secretory product by absorbing electrolytes and excreting ions, urea, lactic acid, drugs, etc. |
|
|
Term
| Describe apocrine sweat glands? |
|
Definition
1) large lumen tubular glands
2) associated w/ hair follicles |
|
|
Term
| Where would you find apocrine sweat glands? |
|
Definition
1) axilla
2) areola
3) perineal region
4) ceruminous (wax) glands of external auditory canal |
|
|
Term
| When do apocrine sweat glands begin to function? |
|
Definition
1) puberty
2) responsive to hormonal influences |
|
|
Term
| Describe the secretory unit of an apocrine sweat gland |
|
Definition
1) large, coiled
2) located in reticular layer or hypodermis
3) enveloped in myoepithelial cells |
|
|
Term
| Are apocrine sweat glands truly apocrine? |
|
Definition
No, they are more merocrine in function
- no loss of cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
| How are apocrine sweat glands innervated? |
|
Definition
1) adrenergic fibers
- emotional sweating
- not induced by hyperthemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) hard, keratinized plates
2) rest on a bed of epidermis
- nail bed
- continuous w/ s. basale & s. spinosum
3) covered at proximal end by cuticle or eponychium
- continuous w/ s. corneum
- overlies lunula (white crescent)
4) underlain at distal end by hyponychium
- continuous w/ s. corneum
5) Grow as result of mitosis of cells in matrix of nail root |
|
|
Term
| What is Epidermolysis bullosa? |
|
Definition
1) group of hereditary diseases
2) blister formation in response to minor injury
3) caused by defects in intermediate filaments anchoring the epidermis to underlying papillary dermis
4) 3 types |
|
|
Term
| What is epidermolysis bullosa simplex? |
|
Definition
1) mutation in genes encoding intermediate filaments
2) results in intercellular separation of basal epidermal cells & resolves w/ no scarring |
|
|
Term
| What is junctional epidermolysis bullosa? |
|
Definition
1) similar defects
2) blisters heal w/ scarring |
|
|
Term
| What is dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa? |
|
Definition
1) caused by mutation in specific gene encoding for Type VII collagen
2) results in separation in upper dermis
3) blisters heal w/ scarring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) Warts from viral infections
2) may occur anywhere
- most commonly dorsal surface of hands
3) epidermal hyperplasia, eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions, intensely basophilic nuclei
4) intranuclear viral particles visible in keratinocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1) commonly originate from cells in epidermis
2) 2 most common:
- basal cell carcinoma
- keratinocytes in s. basale
- squamos cell carcinoma
- keratinocytes in s. spinosum |
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Term
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Definition
1) originates from melanocytes in s. basale
2) 3% of all cancers |
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Term
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Definition
1) results from decrease in regeneration time of keratinocytes
2) increase in # of mitotic cells in s. basale & s. spinosum
3) results in thickening of the skin & appearance of patchy superficial lesions
4) can be controlled by corticosteroids or other antimitotic drugs |
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Term
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Definition
1) uncommon benign skin disorder
2) blistering occurs in response to non-injurious stimuli
3) transient blistering, no scarring or permanent damage
4) result of release of histamine from mast cells upon physical stimulation
5) manageable through antihistamine therapy |
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